Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022
Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes acute respiratory disease in horses and belongs to the influenza A virus family <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i>, genus <i>Orthomyxovirus</i>. This virus may have severe financial implications for the horse industry owing to its highly contagious na...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2135 |
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| author | Seong-In Lim Min Ji Kim Min-Ji Kim Sang-Kyu Lee Hyoung-Seok Yang MiJung Kwon Eui Hyeon Lim In-Ohk Ouh Eun-Jung Kim Bang-Hun Hyun Yoon-Hee Lee |
| author_facet | Seong-In Lim Min Ji Kim Min-Ji Kim Sang-Kyu Lee Hyoung-Seok Yang MiJung Kwon Eui Hyeon Lim In-Ohk Ouh Eun-Jung Kim Bang-Hun Hyun Yoon-Hee Lee |
| author_sort | Seong-In Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes acute respiratory disease in horses and belongs to the influenza A virus family <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i>, genus <i>Orthomyxovirus</i>. This virus may have severe financial implications for the horse industry owing to its highly contagious nature and rapid transmission. In the Republic of Korea, vaccination against EIV has been practiced with the active involvement of the Korea Racing Authority since 1974. In this study, we monitored the viral RNA for EIV using PCR, as well as the antibody levels against ‘A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8, clade 1)’, from 2020 to 2022. EIV was not detected using RT-PCR. The seropositivity rates detected using a hemagglutination inhibition assay were 90.3% in 2020, 96.7% in 2021, and 91.8% in 2022. The geometric mean of antibody titer (GMT) was 83.4 in 2020, 135.7 in 2021, and 95.6 in 2022. Yearlings and two-year-olds in training exhibited lower positive rates (59.1% in 2020, 38.9% in 2021, and 44.1% in 2022) than the average. These younger horses may require more attention for vaccination and vaccine responses against EIV. Continuous surveillance of EIV should be performed to monitor the prevalence and spread of this disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b3ad276163e4b2993f1f08170f462d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b3ad276163e4b2993f1f08170f462d32023-11-19T18:28:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-10-011510213510.3390/v15102135Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022Seong-In Lim0Min Ji Kim1Min-Ji Kim2Sang-Kyu Lee3Hyoung-Seok Yang4MiJung Kwon5Eui Hyeon Lim6In-Ohk Ouh7Eun-Jung Kim8Bang-Hun Hyun9Yoon-Hee Lee10Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaVeterinary Center, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon 13822, Republic of KoreaAnimal Health Diagnosis Division, Jeju Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju 63344, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaDivision of Vaccine Development Coordination, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Cheongju 28160, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaViral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaEquine influenza virus (EIV) causes acute respiratory disease in horses and belongs to the influenza A virus family <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i>, genus <i>Orthomyxovirus</i>. This virus may have severe financial implications for the horse industry owing to its highly contagious nature and rapid transmission. In the Republic of Korea, vaccination against EIV has been practiced with the active involvement of the Korea Racing Authority since 1974. In this study, we monitored the viral RNA for EIV using PCR, as well as the antibody levels against ‘A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8, clade 1)’, from 2020 to 2022. EIV was not detected using RT-PCR. The seropositivity rates detected using a hemagglutination inhibition assay were 90.3% in 2020, 96.7% in 2021, and 91.8% in 2022. The geometric mean of antibody titer (GMT) was 83.4 in 2020, 135.7 in 2021, and 95.6 in 2022. Yearlings and two-year-olds in training exhibited lower positive rates (59.1% in 2020, 38.9% in 2021, and 44.1% in 2022) than the average. These younger horses may require more attention for vaccination and vaccine responses against EIV. Continuous surveillance of EIV should be performed to monitor the prevalence and spread of this disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2135surveillanceequineinfluenza A virusH3N8vaccination |
| spellingShingle | Seong-In Lim Min Ji Kim Min-Ji Kim Sang-Kyu Lee Hyoung-Seok Yang MiJung Kwon Eui Hyeon Lim In-Ohk Ouh Eun-Jung Kim Bang-Hun Hyun Yoon-Hee Lee Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 Viruses surveillance equine influenza A virus H3N8 vaccination |
| title | Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| title_full | Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| title_short | Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| title_sort | assessment of equine influenza virus status in the republic of korea from 2020 to 2022 |
| topic | surveillance equine influenza A virus H3N8 vaccination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2135 |
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