Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols
In 2018, seven million people died prematurely due to exposure to pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. We investigated the toxic effects of by-products of naphthalene SOA on lung cells. These by-products were 1...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/4/319 |
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| author | Yuri Lima de Albuquerque Emmanuelle Berger Sophie Tomaz Christian George Alain Géloën |
| author_facet | Yuri Lima de Albuquerque Emmanuelle Berger Sophie Tomaz Christian George Alain Géloën |
| author_sort | Yuri Lima de Albuquerque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2018, seven million people died prematurely due to exposure to pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. We investigated the toxic effects of by-products of naphthalene SOA on lung cells. These by-products were 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-OH-NQ), phthalic acid (PA) and phthaldialdehyde (OPA). Two different assessment methodologies were used to monitor the toxic effects: real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and the Holomonitor, a quantitative phase contrast microscope. The chemicals were tested in concentrations of 12.5 to 100 µM for 1,4-NQ and 1 to 10 mM for 2-OH-NQ, PA and OPA. We found that 1,4-NQ is toxic to cells from 25 to 100 µM (EC50: 38.7 µM ± 5.2); 2-OH-NQ is toxic from 1 to 10mM (EC50: 5.3 mM ± 0.6); PA is toxic from 5 to 10 mM (EC50: 5.2 mM ± 0.3) and OPA is toxic from 2.5 to 10 mM (EC50: 4.2 mM ± 0.5). Only 1,4-NQ and OPA affected cell parameters (migration, motility, motility speed and optical volume). Furthermore, 1,4-NQ is the most toxic by-product of naphthalene, with an EC50 value that was one hundred times higher than those of the other compounds. RTCA and Holomonitor analysis showed a complementarity when studying the toxicity induced by chemicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:34:28Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:34:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b3e12b7281d4600827db7dfcadd617b2023-11-21T14:22:59ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-04-0111431910.3390/life11040319Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic AerosolsYuri Lima de Albuquerque0Emmanuelle Berger1Sophie Tomaz2Christian George3Alain Géloën4UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, FranceUMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, FranceUMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, FranceIn 2018, seven million people died prematurely due to exposure to pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. We investigated the toxic effects of by-products of naphthalene SOA on lung cells. These by-products were 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-OH-NQ), phthalic acid (PA) and phthaldialdehyde (OPA). Two different assessment methodologies were used to monitor the toxic effects: real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and the Holomonitor, a quantitative phase contrast microscope. The chemicals were tested in concentrations of 12.5 to 100 µM for 1,4-NQ and 1 to 10 mM for 2-OH-NQ, PA and OPA. We found that 1,4-NQ is toxic to cells from 25 to 100 µM (EC50: 38.7 µM ± 5.2); 2-OH-NQ is toxic from 1 to 10mM (EC50: 5.3 mM ± 0.6); PA is toxic from 5 to 10 mM (EC50: 5.2 mM ± 0.3) and OPA is toxic from 2.5 to 10 mM (EC50: 4.2 mM ± 0.5). Only 1,4-NQ and OPA affected cell parameters (migration, motility, motility speed and optical volume). Furthermore, 1,4-NQ is the most toxic by-product of naphthalene, with an EC50 value that was one hundred times higher than those of the other compounds. RTCA and Holomonitor analysis showed a complementarity when studying the toxicity induced by chemicals.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/4/319PAHssecondary organic aerosolsRTCAHolomonitornaphthoquinoneA549 |
| spellingShingle | Yuri Lima de Albuquerque Emmanuelle Berger Sophie Tomaz Christian George Alain Géloën Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols Life PAHs secondary organic aerosols RTCA Holomonitor naphthoquinone A549 |
| title | Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Toxicity on Lung Cells of By-Products Present in Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols |
| title_sort | evaluation of the toxicity on lung cells of by products present in naphthalene secondary organic aerosols |
| topic | PAHs secondary organic aerosols RTCA Holomonitor naphthoquinone A549 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/4/319 |
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