Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
<i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i> is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing <i>Fusarium</i> dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixtur...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/1/97 |
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| author | Paul E. Kendra Nurhayat Tabanca Luisa F. Cruz Octavio Menocal Elena Q. Schnell Daniel Carrillo |
| author_facet | Paul E. Kendra Nurhayat Tabanca Luisa F. Cruz Octavio Menocal Elena Q. Schnell Daniel Carrillo |
| author_sort | Paul E. Kendra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i> is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing <i>Fusarium</i> dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixture of <i>p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers and both α- and β-phellandrene. This study used pure cultures of six symbiotic fungi isolated from <i>E. perbrevis</i> to document volatile emissions and determine the relative attraction of symbionts in binary choice assays. In a comparative test, headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify emissions from 3-week-old cultures. In a temporal study, Super-Q collection followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection was used to measure <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol emissions for three months. A total of 15 compounds were detected, with monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids predominating. Only <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol was common to all six symbionts. Peak levels of both isomers were observed at day 7, then gradually declined over a 90 day period. In choice tests, avocado sawdust disks inoculated with <i>Fusarium</i> sp. nov. were the most attractive. This symbiont produced only two volatiles, <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol and limonene. The combined results indicate that <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol is the primary female attractant emitted from symbiotic fungi, but limonene may be a secondary attractant of <i>E. perbrevis</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:49:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0b4983c9dd65410faf27ab832452c54c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:49:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b4983c9dd65410faf27ab832452c54c2023-11-23T13:07:00ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-01-011219710.3390/biom12010097Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)Paul E. Kendra0Nurhayat Tabanca1Luisa F. Cruz2Octavio Menocal3Elena Q. Schnell4Daniel Carrillo5United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USATropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USATropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USATropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA<i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i> is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing <i>Fusarium</i> dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixture of <i>p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers and both α- and β-phellandrene. This study used pure cultures of six symbiotic fungi isolated from <i>E. perbrevis</i> to document volatile emissions and determine the relative attraction of symbionts in binary choice assays. In a comparative test, headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify emissions from 3-week-old cultures. In a temporal study, Super-Q collection followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection was used to measure <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol emissions for three months. A total of 15 compounds were detected, with monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids predominating. Only <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol was common to all six symbionts. Peak levels of both isomers were observed at day 7, then gradually declined over a 90 day period. In choice tests, avocado sawdust disks inoculated with <i>Fusarium</i> sp. nov. were the most attractive. This symbiont produced only two volatiles, <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol and limonene. The combined results indicate that <i>trans-p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol is the primary female attractant emitted from symbiotic fungi, but limonene may be a secondary attractant of <i>E. perbrevis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/1/97ambrosia beetleschemical ecology<i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i><i>Fusarium</i> diebackinvasive species<i>p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol |
| spellingShingle | Paul E. Kendra Nurhayat Tabanca Luisa F. Cruz Octavio Menocal Elena Q. Schnell Daniel Carrillo Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Biomolecules ambrosia beetles chemical ecology <i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i> <i>Fusarium</i> dieback invasive species <i>p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol |
| title | Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full | Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_fullStr | Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_short | Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
| title_sort | volatile emissions and relative attraction of the fungal symbionts of tea shot hole borer coleoptera curculionidae |
| topic | ambrosia beetles chemical ecology <i>Euwallacea perbrevis</i> <i>Fusarium</i> dieback invasive species <i>p</i>-menth-2-en-1-ol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/1/97 |
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