Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Groundwater contribution towards human health and livelihood depends on the contaminants level in groundwater. Many people in rural communities are being exposed to waterborne diseases resulting from drinking untreated contaminated groundwater. This study argues that the lack of implementation of av...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2365 |
| _version_ | 1797411873656668160 |
|---|---|
| author | Lindelani Lalumbe Paul Johan Oberholster Thokozani Kanyerere |
| author_facet | Lindelani Lalumbe Paul Johan Oberholster Thokozani Kanyerere |
| author_sort | Lindelani Lalumbe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater contribution towards human health and livelihood depends on the contaminants level in groundwater. Many people in rural communities are being exposed to waterborne diseases resulting from drinking untreated contaminated groundwater. This study argues that the lack of implementation of available groundwater remediation methods and associated high costs are exposing rural communities to health risks. This study assessed 22 years of groundwater quality data from 12 boreholes and 2 springs to understand the contaminants level in the Soutpansberg region. A feasibility assessment of the application and design of a sustainable groundwater remediation technique was carried out based on individual- and community-based groundwater remediation types. The assessment considered groundwater management, cost and risk of theft and damage to infrastructure model for rural settings. This study determined that groundwater was not suitable for drinking purposes in some parts due to high concentration levels of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and F<sup>−</sup>. The feasibility assessment indicated that community-based groundwater remediation schemes are more sustainable in rural areas when compared to individual household remediation. In this study, it is recommended that groundwater remediation plans must be included in any proposed water supply or drought intervention project in rural communities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:52:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b553545290f4c31b9a9aa75b9dd6f71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:52:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b553545290f4c31b9a9aa75b9dd6f712023-12-03T13:08:35ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-07-011415236510.3390/w14152365Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South AfricaLindelani Lalumbe0Paul Johan Oberholster1Thokozani Kanyerere2Department of Water and Sanitation, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaCentre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South AfricaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South AfricaGroundwater contribution towards human health and livelihood depends on the contaminants level in groundwater. Many people in rural communities are being exposed to waterborne diseases resulting from drinking untreated contaminated groundwater. This study argues that the lack of implementation of available groundwater remediation methods and associated high costs are exposing rural communities to health risks. This study assessed 22 years of groundwater quality data from 12 boreholes and 2 springs to understand the contaminants level in the Soutpansberg region. A feasibility assessment of the application and design of a sustainable groundwater remediation technique was carried out based on individual- and community-based groundwater remediation types. The assessment considered groundwater management, cost and risk of theft and damage to infrastructure model for rural settings. This study determined that groundwater was not suitable for drinking purposes in some parts due to high concentration levels of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and F<sup>−</sup>. The feasibility assessment indicated that community-based groundwater remediation schemes are more sustainable in rural areas when compared to individual household remediation. In this study, it is recommended that groundwater remediation plans must be included in any proposed water supply or drought intervention project in rural communities.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2365contaminantsgroundwater qualityrural areasremediationhuman health |
| spellingShingle | Lindelani Lalumbe Paul Johan Oberholster Thokozani Kanyerere Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa Water contaminants groundwater quality rural areas remediation human health |
| title | Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_full | Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_short | Feasibility Assessment of the Application of Groundwater Remediation Techniques in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Areas in the Soutpansberg Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_sort | feasibility assessment of the application of groundwater remediation techniques in rural areas a case study of rural areas in the soutpansberg region limpopo province south africa |
| topic | contaminants groundwater quality rural areas remediation human health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2365 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lindelanilalumbe feasibilityassessmentoftheapplicationofgroundwaterremediationtechniquesinruralareasacasestudyofruralareasinthesoutpansbergregionlimpopoprovincesouthafrica AT pauljohanoberholster feasibilityassessmentoftheapplicationofgroundwaterremediationtechniquesinruralareasacasestudyofruralareasinthesoutpansbergregionlimpopoprovincesouthafrica AT thokozanikanyerere feasibilityassessmentoftheapplicationofgroundwaterremediationtechniquesinruralareasacasestudyofruralareasinthesoutpansbergregionlimpopoprovincesouthafrica |