Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches
Abstract Background Healthcare providers frequently help traumatized people and are regularly exposed to indirect trauma from their work, resulting in negative psychological responses, such as secondary traumatic stress. Empathy has been associated with patient’s quality of care and secondary trauma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05198-6 |
| _version_ | 1797451801369247744 |
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| author | Masato Kitano Kotaro Shoji Ikumi Nakaita Shinya Sano Shoichi Tachibana Jun Shigemura Hisateru Tachimori Norihito Noguchi Fumiko Waki Naoki Edo Minori Koga Hiroyuki Toda Aihide Yoshino Masanori Nagamine |
| author_facet | Masato Kitano Kotaro Shoji Ikumi Nakaita Shinya Sano Shoichi Tachibana Jun Shigemura Hisateru Tachimori Norihito Noguchi Fumiko Waki Naoki Edo Minori Koga Hiroyuki Toda Aihide Yoshino Masanori Nagamine |
| author_sort | Masato Kitano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Healthcare providers frequently help traumatized people and are regularly exposed to indirect trauma from their work, resulting in negative psychological responses, such as secondary traumatic stress. Empathy has been associated with patient’s quality of care and secondary traumatic stress among healthcare providers. However, the relationship between dispositional empathy and secondary traumatic stress has not been fully elucidated. This study used person- and variable-centered approaches to explore the nature of this relationship. Methods A total of 1,006 Japanese public health nurses working in the Tohoku region and Saitama prefecture completed questionnaires that included scales assessing dispositional empathy, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. First, we examined predictors of secondary traumatic stress using multiple linear regression analysis. Then, we conducted a latent profile analysis to classify participants into unique groups based on four subscales of dispositional empathy (i.e., empathic concern, perspective taking, personal distress, fantasy) and secondary traumatic stress. Finally, we compared the mean values of the study variables across these groups. Results The multiple regression indicated that in those working in Saitama prefecture, lifetime traumatic experiences, work-related distress, and personal distress were positively related to secondary traumatic stress, but perceived support was negatively related to secondary traumatic stress. Latent profile analysis extracted four unique subgroups. Group 1 displayed the highest secondary traumatic stress levels. Group 2 was characterized by the highest level of empathic concern, personal distress, and fantasy and the lowest perspective taking. Group 3 had a moderate secondary traumatic stress level. Group 4 had the lowest secondary traumatic stress and personal distress scores. In these four groups, the burnout scale (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) showed a pattern similar to the secondary traumatic stress scale. Conclusions Our person-centered approach showed that this sample of public health nurses could be classified into four unique groups based on their empathy and secondary traumatic stress scores. Although this group of public health nurses was not large, one group displayed high personal distress levels and high secondary traumatic stress levels. Further research is needed to determine effective interventions for this group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:59:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b5673a7a1e64d63bcc07f7945e2807f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:59:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b5673a7a1e64d63bcc07f7945e2807f2023-11-26T13:56:34ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2023-10-0123111010.1186/s12888-023-05198-6Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approachesMasato Kitano0Kotaro Shoji1Ikumi Nakaita2Shinya Sano3Shoichi Tachibana4Jun Shigemura5Hisateru Tachimori6Norihito Noguchi7Fumiko Waki8Naoki Edo9Minori Koga10Hiroyuki Toda11Aihide Yoshino12Masanori Nagamine13Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research InstituteUniversity of Human EnvironmentsFaculty of Nursing, Musashino UniversityDepartment of Psychology, National Defense Medical CollegeDivision of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research InstituteDepartment of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical CollegeEndowed Course for Health System Innovation, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Nursing, National Defense Medical CollegeDivision of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research InstituteDivision of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research InstituteDepartment of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical CollegeDivision of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research InstituteAbstract Background Healthcare providers frequently help traumatized people and are regularly exposed to indirect trauma from their work, resulting in negative psychological responses, such as secondary traumatic stress. Empathy has been associated with patient’s quality of care and secondary traumatic stress among healthcare providers. However, the relationship between dispositional empathy and secondary traumatic stress has not been fully elucidated. This study used person- and variable-centered approaches to explore the nature of this relationship. Methods A total of 1,006 Japanese public health nurses working in the Tohoku region and Saitama prefecture completed questionnaires that included scales assessing dispositional empathy, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. First, we examined predictors of secondary traumatic stress using multiple linear regression analysis. Then, we conducted a latent profile analysis to classify participants into unique groups based on four subscales of dispositional empathy (i.e., empathic concern, perspective taking, personal distress, fantasy) and secondary traumatic stress. Finally, we compared the mean values of the study variables across these groups. Results The multiple regression indicated that in those working in Saitama prefecture, lifetime traumatic experiences, work-related distress, and personal distress were positively related to secondary traumatic stress, but perceived support was negatively related to secondary traumatic stress. Latent profile analysis extracted four unique subgroups. Group 1 displayed the highest secondary traumatic stress levels. Group 2 was characterized by the highest level of empathic concern, personal distress, and fantasy and the lowest perspective taking. Group 3 had a moderate secondary traumatic stress level. Group 4 had the lowest secondary traumatic stress and personal distress scores. In these four groups, the burnout scale (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) showed a pattern similar to the secondary traumatic stress scale. Conclusions Our person-centered approach showed that this sample of public health nurses could be classified into four unique groups based on their empathy and secondary traumatic stress scores. Although this group of public health nurses was not large, one group displayed high personal distress levels and high secondary traumatic stress levels. Further research is needed to determine effective interventions for this group.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05198-6EmpathySecondary traumatic stressPublic health nursePerson-centered approach |
| spellingShingle | Masato Kitano Kotaro Shoji Ikumi Nakaita Shinya Sano Shoichi Tachibana Jun Shigemura Hisateru Tachimori Norihito Noguchi Fumiko Waki Naoki Edo Minori Koga Hiroyuki Toda Aihide Yoshino Masanori Nagamine Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches BMC Psychiatry Empathy Secondary traumatic stress Public health nurse Person-centered approach |
| title | Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches |
| title_full | Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches |
| title_fullStr | Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches |
| title_short | Japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress: variable-centered and person-centered approaches |
| title_sort | japanese public health nurses classified based on empathy and secondary traumatic stress variable centered and person centered approaches |
| topic | Empathy Secondary traumatic stress Public health nurse Person-centered approach |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05198-6 |
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