A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery
Propolis, particularly those produced by stingless bees, is known to have a broad range of medicinal benefits due to its antioxidant properties. However, its strong and unpleasant flavour and sticky texture make it less palatable. This study aimed to improve the oral administration of stingless bee...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Food Chemistry Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23003350 |
| _version_ | 1797382754893037568 |
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| author | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan |
| author_facet | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan |
| author_sort | Kashif Maroof |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Propolis, particularly those produced by stingless bees, is known to have a broad range of medicinal benefits due to its antioxidant properties. However, its strong and unpleasant flavour and sticky texture make it less palatable. This study aimed to improve the oral administration of stingless bee propolis extract for nutraceutical use by formulating it into a microemulsion. The microemulsion was created using a water titration method and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram to determine the optimal surfactant: co-surfactant ratio. The formulation was then characterized for its globule size, pH, viscosity, and phenolic content, and subjected to stability tests under ambient and accelerated conditions. Anti-microbial and antioxidant activity were evaluated through the disk diffusion method and the ABTS assay. The microemulsion had an average droplet size of 229.2 nm, a pH of 4.78 ± 0.18, and a viscosity of 0.149 Pa, which falls within the typical range for oral formulations. The microemulsion successfully preserved the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the propolis extract. Long-term and accelerated stability studies indicated that the microemulsion's pH, appearance, and viscosity remained stable for up to 12 months, although there was a 24 % loss in phenolic activity over the same period. Overall, a stable and potent propolis microemulsion was successfully developed using pharmaceutical and food-grade ingredients, providing a safe and effective way to orally deliver propolis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:10:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b58fd7517d349349c12609f2bc4cd0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-753X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:10:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Chemistry Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b58fd7517d349349c12609f2bc4cd0a2023-12-22T05:35:17ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2023-12-013100514A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral deliveryKashif Maroof0Ronald F.S. Lee1Lee Fong Siow2Bey Hing Goh3Ken Fong Chen4Siew Hua Gan5School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan; Corresponding author at: School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaPropolis, particularly those produced by stingless bees, is known to have a broad range of medicinal benefits due to its antioxidant properties. However, its strong and unpleasant flavour and sticky texture make it less palatable. This study aimed to improve the oral administration of stingless bee propolis extract for nutraceutical use by formulating it into a microemulsion. The microemulsion was created using a water titration method and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram to determine the optimal surfactant: co-surfactant ratio. The formulation was then characterized for its globule size, pH, viscosity, and phenolic content, and subjected to stability tests under ambient and accelerated conditions. Anti-microbial and antioxidant activity were evaluated through the disk diffusion method and the ABTS assay. The microemulsion had an average droplet size of 229.2 nm, a pH of 4.78 ± 0.18, and a viscosity of 0.149 Pa, which falls within the typical range for oral formulations. The microemulsion successfully preserved the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the propolis extract. Long-term and accelerated stability studies indicated that the microemulsion's pH, appearance, and viscosity remained stable for up to 12 months, although there was a 24 % loss in phenolic activity over the same period. Overall, a stable and potent propolis microemulsion was successfully developed using pharmaceutical and food-grade ingredients, providing a safe and effective way to orally deliver propolis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23003350PropolisMicroemulsionAntioxidantAntibacterialFunctional food |
| spellingShingle | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery Food Chemistry Advances Propolis Microemulsion Antioxidant Antibacterial Functional food |
| title | A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| title_full | A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| title_fullStr | A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| title_short | A new stable and bioactive formulation of Geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| title_sort | new stable and bioactive formulation of geniotrigona thoracia propolis microemulsion for oral delivery |
| topic | Propolis Microemulsion Antioxidant Antibacterial Functional food |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23003350 |
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