Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment
Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus and Paracamall...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422000918 |
| _version_ | 1811184562302091264 |
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| author | Ashlee P. Nofal Quinton M. Dos Santos Franz Jirsa Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage |
| author_facet | Ashlee P. Nofal Quinton M. Dos Santos Franz Jirsa Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage |
| author_sort | Ashlee P. Nofal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus and Paracamallanus cyathopharynx. Since then, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus was described from C. gariepinus suggesting reconsideration of the identifications of Procamallanus species in historical studies from clariids. The aim of the current study was to definitively identify the nematodes collected from C. gariepinus in Lake Heritage, using morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study consisted of light and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the identity P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus and P. cyathopharynx. This included descriptions of the detailed morphology of isolated buccal capsules for both species using soft tissue digestion, notably for the first time for P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus. The morphology of isolated spiculae of both species was described for the first time using SEM. Molecular analyses included genetic characterisation of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) rDNA and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) mtDNA. Genetic data supported the morphological identification of both species, however, divergence was detected in CO1 mtDNA data for P. cyathopharynx indicating two distinct lineages. Due to this variation, the morphometry of P. cyathopharynx specimens were revisited including statistical re-evaluation. No robust morphological traits were identified to support CO1 mtDNA lineages and all specimens were considered conspecific. In terms of camallanid biodiversity in the Crocodile River system, it is similar to that in Boomker (1982), despite the altered water quality from past acid mine pollution in the river. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b602605674440518f85aff5d8c90d37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2213-2244 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b602605674440518f85aff5d8c90d372022-12-22T04:22:25ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife2213-22442022-12-0119196210Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environmentAshlee P. Nofal0Quinton M. Dos Santos1Franz Jirsa2Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage3Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; Corresponding author.Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus and Paracamallanus cyathopharynx. Since then, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus was described from C. gariepinus suggesting reconsideration of the identifications of Procamallanus species in historical studies from clariids. The aim of the current study was to definitively identify the nematodes collected from C. gariepinus in Lake Heritage, using morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study consisted of light and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the identity P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus and P. cyathopharynx. This included descriptions of the detailed morphology of isolated buccal capsules for both species using soft tissue digestion, notably for the first time for P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus. The morphology of isolated spiculae of both species was described for the first time using SEM. Molecular analyses included genetic characterisation of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) rDNA and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) mtDNA. Genetic data supported the morphological identification of both species, however, divergence was detected in CO1 mtDNA data for P. cyathopharynx indicating two distinct lineages. Due to this variation, the morphometry of P. cyathopharynx specimens were revisited including statistical re-evaluation. No robust morphological traits were identified to support CO1 mtDNA lineages and all specimens were considered conspecific. In terms of camallanid biodiversity in the Crocodile River system, it is similar to that in Boomker (1982), despite the altered water quality from past acid mine pollution in the river.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422000918AquacultureClean water and sanitationDNA barcodingLife below waterPrincipal component analysisSclerotised structure isolation |
| spellingShingle | Ashlee P. Nofal Quinton M. Dos Santos Franz Jirsa Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife Aquaculture Clean water and sanitation DNA barcoding Life below water Principal component analysis Sclerotised structure isolation |
| title | Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment |
| title_full | Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment |
| title_fullStr | Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment |
| title_short | Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment |
| title_sort | camallanid nematodes from clarias gariepinus burchell 1822 in the crocodile river gauteng south africa exploring diversity and divergence in an acid mine drainage impacted environment |
| topic | Aquaculture Clean water and sanitation DNA barcoding Life below water Principal component analysis Sclerotised structure isolation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422000918 |
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