The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle
Eukaryotic chromosome segregation relies upon specific connections from DNA to the microtubule-based spindle that forms at cell division. The chromosomal locus that directs this process is the centromere, where a structure called the kinetochore forms upon entry into mitosis. Recent crystallography...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Open Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.200051 |
| _version_ | 1818247624883437568 |
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| author | Kathryn Kixmoeller Praveen Kumar Allu Ben E. Black |
| author_facet | Kathryn Kixmoeller Praveen Kumar Allu Ben E. Black |
| author_sort | Kathryn Kixmoeller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eukaryotic chromosome segregation relies upon specific connections from DNA to the microtubule-based spindle that forms at cell division. The chromosomal locus that directs this process is the centromere, where a structure called the kinetochore forms upon entry into mitosis. Recent crystallography and single-particle electron microscopy have provided unprecedented high-resolution views of the molecular complexes involved in this process. The centromere is epigenetically specified by nucleosomes harbouring a histone H3 variant, CENP-A, and we review recent progress on how it differentiates centromeric chromatin from the rest of the chromosome, the biochemical pathway that mediates its assembly and how two non-histone components of the centromere specifically recognize CENP-A nucleosomes. The core centromeric nucleosome complex (CCNC) is required to recruit a 16-subunit complex termed the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN), and we highlight recent structures reported of the budding yeast CCAN. Finally, the structures of multiple modular sub-complexes of the kinetochore have been solved at near-atomic resolution, providing insight into how connections are made to the CCAN on one end and to the spindle microtubules on the other. One can now build molecular models from the DNA through to the physical connections to microtubules. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:07:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b60aab021644cdf95496a19953e02d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-2441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:07:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b60aab021644cdf95496a19953e02d52022-12-22T00:20:41ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412020-06-0110610.1098/rsob.200051200051The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindleKathryn KixmoellerPraveen Kumar AlluBen E. BlackEukaryotic chromosome segregation relies upon specific connections from DNA to the microtubule-based spindle that forms at cell division. The chromosomal locus that directs this process is the centromere, where a structure called the kinetochore forms upon entry into mitosis. Recent crystallography and single-particle electron microscopy have provided unprecedented high-resolution views of the molecular complexes involved in this process. The centromere is epigenetically specified by nucleosomes harbouring a histone H3 variant, CENP-A, and we review recent progress on how it differentiates centromeric chromatin from the rest of the chromosome, the biochemical pathway that mediates its assembly and how two non-histone components of the centromere specifically recognize CENP-A nucleosomes. The core centromeric nucleosome complex (CCNC) is required to recruit a 16-subunit complex termed the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN), and we highlight recent structures reported of the budding yeast CCAN. Finally, the structures of multiple modular sub-complexes of the kinetochore have been solved at near-atomic resolution, providing insight into how connections are made to the CCAN on one end and to the spindle microtubules on the other. One can now build molecular models from the DNA through to the physical connections to microtubules.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.200051centromerekinetochoremitosischromatinepigeneticsnucleosome |
| spellingShingle | Kathryn Kixmoeller Praveen Kumar Allu Ben E. Black The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle Open Biology centromere kinetochore mitosis chromatin epigenetics nucleosome |
| title | The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| title_full | The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| title_fullStr | The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| title_short | The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| title_sort | centromere comes into focus from cenp a nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle |
| topic | centromere kinetochore mitosis chromatin epigenetics nucleosome |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.200051 |
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