Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study
COVID-19 has a devastating impact worldwide. Recognizing factors that cause its progression is important for the utilization of appropriate resources and improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who were hospitalize...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/1/1 |
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| author | Faryal Khamis Salah Al Awaidy Muna Al Shaaibi Mubarak Al Shukeili Shabnam Chhetri Afra Al Balushi Sumaiya Al Sulaimi Amal Al Balushi Ronald Wesonga |
| author_facet | Faryal Khamis Salah Al Awaidy Muna Al Shaaibi Mubarak Al Shukeili Shabnam Chhetri Afra Al Balushi Sumaiya Al Sulaimi Amal Al Balushi Ronald Wesonga |
| author_sort | Faryal Khamis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 has a devastating impact worldwide. Recognizing factors that cause its progression is important for the utilization of appropriate resources and improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with moderate versus severe COVID-19 illness. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 3 March and 9 September 2020. Following the CDC guidelines, a two-category variable for COVID-19 severity (moderate versus severe) based on length of stay, need for intensive care or mechanical ventilation and mortality was developed. Data including demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes were assessed using descriptive and inferential analysis. A total of 1002 patients were included, the majority were male (<i>n</i> = 646, 64.5%), Omani citizen (<i>n</i> = 770, 76.8%) and with an average age of 54.2 years. At the bivariate level, patients classified as severe were older (Mean = 55.2, SD = 16) than the moderate patients (Mean = 51.5, SD = 15.8). Diabetes mellitus was the only significant comorbidity potential factor that was more prevalent in severe patients than moderate (<i>n</i> = 321, 46.6%; versus <i>n</i> = 178, 42.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Under the laboratory factors; total white cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and corrected calcium were significant. All selected clinical characteristics and therapeutics were significant. At the multivariate level, under demographic factors, only nationality was significant and no significant comorbidity was identified. Three clinical factors were identified, including; sepsis, Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and requirement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). CRP and steroids were also identified under laboratory and therapeutic factors, respectively. Overall, our study identified only five factors from a total of eighteen proposed due to their significant values (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from the bivariate analysis. There are noticeable differences in levels of COVID-19 severity among nationalities. All the selected clinical and therapeutic factors were significant, implying that they should be a key priority when assessing severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. An elevated level of CRP may be a valuable early marker in predicting the progression in non-severe patients with COVID-19. Early recognition and intervention of these factors could ease the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and reduce case fatalities as well medical expenditure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:41:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b6239b87a704a4e99d90804ffb05cc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:41:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b6239b87a704a4e99d90804ffb05cc62022-12-22T03:13:43ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212021-12-01101110.3390/diseases10010001Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre StudyFaryal Khamis0Salah Al Awaidy1Muna Al Shaaibi2Mubarak Al Shukeili3Shabnam Chhetri4Afra Al Balushi5Sumaiya Al Sulaimi6Amal Al Balushi7Ronald Wesonga8Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat PC 111, OmanOffice of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat PC 100, OmanDepartment of Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat PC 123, OmanDepartment of Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat PC 123, OmanAdult Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat PC 111, OmanAcute Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat PC 111, OmanAcute Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat PC 111, OmanAcute Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat PC 111, OmanDepartment of Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat PC 123, OmanCOVID-19 has a devastating impact worldwide. Recognizing factors that cause its progression is important for the utilization of appropriate resources and improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with moderate versus severe COVID-19 illness. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 3 March and 9 September 2020. Following the CDC guidelines, a two-category variable for COVID-19 severity (moderate versus severe) based on length of stay, need for intensive care or mechanical ventilation and mortality was developed. Data including demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes were assessed using descriptive and inferential analysis. A total of 1002 patients were included, the majority were male (<i>n</i> = 646, 64.5%), Omani citizen (<i>n</i> = 770, 76.8%) and with an average age of 54.2 years. At the bivariate level, patients classified as severe were older (Mean = 55.2, SD = 16) than the moderate patients (Mean = 51.5, SD = 15.8). Diabetes mellitus was the only significant comorbidity potential factor that was more prevalent in severe patients than moderate (<i>n</i> = 321, 46.6%; versus <i>n</i> = 178, 42.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Under the laboratory factors; total white cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and corrected calcium were significant. All selected clinical characteristics and therapeutics were significant. At the multivariate level, under demographic factors, only nationality was significant and no significant comorbidity was identified. Three clinical factors were identified, including; sepsis, Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and requirement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). CRP and steroids were also identified under laboratory and therapeutic factors, respectively. Overall, our study identified only five factors from a total of eighteen proposed due to their significant values (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from the bivariate analysis. There are noticeable differences in levels of COVID-19 severity among nationalities. All the selected clinical and therapeutic factors were significant, implying that they should be a key priority when assessing severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. An elevated level of CRP may be a valuable early marker in predicting the progression in non-severe patients with COVID-19. Early recognition and intervention of these factors could ease the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and reduce case fatalities as well medical expenditure.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/1/1COVID-19SARS-CoV-2demographic factorsepidemiological factorsOman |
| spellingShingle | Faryal Khamis Salah Al Awaidy Muna Al Shaaibi Mubarak Al Shukeili Shabnam Chhetri Afra Al Balushi Sumaiya Al Sulaimi Amal Al Balushi Ronald Wesonga Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study Diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 demographic factors epidemiological factors Oman |
| title | Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study |
| title_full | Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study |
| title_short | Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study |
| title_sort | epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with moderate versus severe covid 19 infection a retrospective cohort single centre study |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 demographic factors epidemiological factors Oman |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/1/1 |
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