Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method
Ionic liquids (ILs), named also as liquid salts, are compounds that have unique properties and molecular architecture. ILs are used in various industries; however, due to their toxicity, the ILs’ recovery from the postreaction solutions is also a very important issue. In this paper, the possibility...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Dorota Babilas Anna Kowalik-Klimczak Anna Mielańczyk |
| author_facet | Dorota Babilas Anna Kowalik-Klimczak Anna Mielańczyk |
| author_sort | Dorota Babilas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ionic liquids (ILs), named also as liquid salts, are compounds that have unique properties and molecular architecture. ILs are used in various industries; however, due to their toxicity, the ILs’ recovery from the postreaction solutions is also a very important issue. In this paper, the possibility of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium IL, especially the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibutylimidazolium chloride ([C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl) recovery by using the electrodialysis (ED) method was investigated. The influence of [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration in diluate solution on the ED efficiency was determined. Moreover, the influence of IL on the ion-exchange membranes’ morphology was examined. The recovery of [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl, the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl flux across membranes, the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration degree, the energy consumption, and the current efficiency were determined. The results showed that the ED allows for the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery and concentration from dilute solutions. It was found that the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl content in the concentrates after ED was above three times higher than in the initial diluate solutions. It was noted that the ED of solutions containing 5–20 g/L [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl allows for ILs recovery in the range of 73.77–92.45% with current efficiency from 68.66% to 92.99%. The [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery depended upon the initial [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration in the working solution. The highest [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery (92.45%) and ED efficiency (92.99%) were obtained when the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl content in the diluate solution was equal 20 g/L. Presented results proved that ED can be an interesting and effective method for the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery from the dilute aqueous solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:35:41Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0b648480d77a4173a29ffe5c89f6349d2023-11-23T17:01:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012312647210.3390/ijms23126472Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis MethodDorota Babilas0Anna Kowalik-Klimczak1Anna Mielańczyk2Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandBioeconomy and Eco-Innovation Centre, Łukasiewicz Research Network—The Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-600 Radom, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandIonic liquids (ILs), named also as liquid salts, are compounds that have unique properties and molecular architecture. ILs are used in various industries; however, due to their toxicity, the ILs’ recovery from the postreaction solutions is also a very important issue. In this paper, the possibility of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium IL, especially the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibutylimidazolium chloride ([C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl) recovery by using the electrodialysis (ED) method was investigated. The influence of [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration in diluate solution on the ED efficiency was determined. Moreover, the influence of IL on the ion-exchange membranes’ morphology was examined. The recovery of [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl, the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl flux across membranes, the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration degree, the energy consumption, and the current efficiency were determined. The results showed that the ED allows for the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery and concentration from dilute solutions. It was found that the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl content in the concentrates after ED was above three times higher than in the initial diluate solutions. It was noted that the ED of solutions containing 5–20 g/L [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl allows for ILs recovery in the range of 73.77–92.45% with current efficiency from 68.66% to 92.99%. The [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery depended upon the initial [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl concentration in the working solution. The highest [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery (92.45%) and ED efficiency (92.99%) were obtained when the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl content in the diluate solution was equal 20 g/L. Presented results proved that ED can be an interesting and effective method for the [C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>IM]Cl recovery from the dilute aqueous solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6472electrodialysisionic liquids recovery1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibutylimidazolium chloride |
| spellingShingle | Dorota Babilas Anna Kowalik-Klimczak Anna Mielańczyk Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method International Journal of Molecular Sciences electrodialysis ionic liquids recovery 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibutylimidazolium chloride |
| title | Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method |
| title_full | Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method |
| title_short | Recovery of the <i>N,N</i>-Dibutylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid from Aqueous Solutions by Electrodialysis Method |
| title_sort | recovery of the i n n i dibutylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid from aqueous solutions by electrodialysis method |
| topic | electrodialysis ionic liquids recovery 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibutylimidazolium chloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6472 |
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