Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization
Sedimentary black shale-hosted manganese carbonate and oxide ores were studied by high-resolution in situ detailed optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy to determine microbial contribution in metallogenesis. This study of the Urucum Mn deposit in Brazi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02731/full |
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| author | Márta Polgári Márta Polgári Ildikó Gyollai Krisztián Fintor Henrietta Horváth Elemér Pál-Molnár João Carlos Biondi |
| author_facet | Márta Polgári Márta Polgári Ildikó Gyollai Krisztián Fintor Henrietta Horváth Elemér Pál-Molnár João Carlos Biondi |
| author_sort | Márta Polgári |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sedimentary black shale-hosted manganese carbonate and oxide ores were studied by high-resolution in situ detailed optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy to determine microbial contribution in metallogenesis. This study of the Urucum Mn deposit in Brazil is included as a case study for microbially mediated ore-forming processes. The results were compared and interpreted in a comparative way, and the data were elaborated by a complex, structural hierarchical method. The first syngenetic products of microbial enzymatic oxidation were ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite on the Fe side, and vernadite, todorokite, birnessite, and manganite on the Mn side, formed under obligatory oxic (Mn) and suboxic (Fe) conditions and close to neutral pH. Fe- and Mn-oxidizing bacteria played a basic role in metallogenesis based on microtextural features, bioindicator minerals, and embedded variable organic matter. Trace element content is determined by source of elements and microbial activity. The present Urucum (Brazil), Datangpo (China), and Úrkút (Hungary) deposits are the result of complex diagenetic processes, which include the decomposition and mineralization of cell and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Fe and Mn bacteria and cyanobacteria. Heterotrophic cell colonies activated randomly in the microbialite sediment after burial in suboxic neutral/alkaline conditions, forming Mn carbonates and variable cation-bearing oxides side by side with lithification and stabilization of minerals. Deposits of variable geological ages and geographical occurrences show strong similarities and indicate two-step microbial metallogenesis: a primary chemolithoautotrophic, and a diagenetic heterotrophic microbial cycle, influenced strongly by mineralization of cells and EPSs. These processes perform a basic role in controlling major and trace element distribution in sedimentary environments on a global level and place biogeochemical constraints on the element content of natural waters, precipitation of minerals, and water contaminants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b6798b9865a41b5923850d46d19e012 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b6798b9865a41b5923850d46d19e0122022-12-22T01:25:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-12-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02731489777Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell MineralizationMárta Polgári0Márta Polgári1Ildikó Gyollai2Krisztián Fintor3Henrietta Horváth4Elemér Pál-Molnár5João Carlos Biondi6Research Centre for Astronomy and Geosciences, IGGR, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Natural Geography and Geoinformatics, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, HungaryResearch Centre for Astronomy and Geosciences, IGGR, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Szeged University, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Szeged University, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Szeged University, Szeged, HungaryPolytechnic Center, Geology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, BrazilSedimentary black shale-hosted manganese carbonate and oxide ores were studied by high-resolution in situ detailed optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy to determine microbial contribution in metallogenesis. This study of the Urucum Mn deposit in Brazil is included as a case study for microbially mediated ore-forming processes. The results were compared and interpreted in a comparative way, and the data were elaborated by a complex, structural hierarchical method. The first syngenetic products of microbial enzymatic oxidation were ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite on the Fe side, and vernadite, todorokite, birnessite, and manganite on the Mn side, formed under obligatory oxic (Mn) and suboxic (Fe) conditions and close to neutral pH. Fe- and Mn-oxidizing bacteria played a basic role in metallogenesis based on microtextural features, bioindicator minerals, and embedded variable organic matter. Trace element content is determined by source of elements and microbial activity. The present Urucum (Brazil), Datangpo (China), and Úrkút (Hungary) deposits are the result of complex diagenetic processes, which include the decomposition and mineralization of cell and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Fe and Mn bacteria and cyanobacteria. Heterotrophic cell colonies activated randomly in the microbialite sediment after burial in suboxic neutral/alkaline conditions, forming Mn carbonates and variable cation-bearing oxides side by side with lithification and stabilization of minerals. Deposits of variable geological ages and geographical occurrences show strong similarities and indicate two-step microbial metallogenesis: a primary chemolithoautotrophic, and a diagenetic heterotrophic microbial cycle, influenced strongly by mineralization of cells and EPSs. These processes perform a basic role in controlling major and trace element distribution in sedimentary environments on a global level and place biogeochemical constraints on the element content of natural waters, precipitation of minerals, and water contaminants.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02731/fullgeomicrobiologycell mineralizationEPS mineralizationore-forming processes of Fe- and Mndiagenesis |
| spellingShingle | Márta Polgári Márta Polgári Ildikó Gyollai Krisztián Fintor Henrietta Horváth Elemér Pál-Molnár João Carlos Biondi Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization Frontiers in Microbiology geomicrobiology cell mineralization EPS mineralization ore-forming processes of Fe- and Mn diagenesis |
| title | Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization |
| title_full | Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization |
| title_fullStr | Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization |
| title_short | Microbially Mediated Ore-Forming Processes and Cell Mineralization |
| title_sort | microbially mediated ore forming processes and cell mineralization |
| topic | geomicrobiology cell mineralization EPS mineralization ore-forming processes of Fe- and Mn diagenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02731/full |
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