The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population
Illegal animal trade (pet, wildlife, animal products, etc.) is an example of transnational organized crime (T.O.C.) that generates a large business with huge profit margins. This criminal activity causes several negative effects on human health (zoonoses), animal health and welfare, market protectio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.593683/full |
| _version_ | 1818174797232734208 |
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| author | Paolo Zucca Paolo Zucca Marie-Christin Rossmann Marie-Christin Rossmann Jorge E. Osorio Kevin Karem Paola De Benedictis Josef Haißl Paola De Franceschi Elisa Calligaris Michaela Kohlweiß Giulio Meddi Wolfgang Gabrutsch Horst Mairitsch Oronzo Greco Roberto Furlani Marcello Maggio Massimiliano Tolomei Alessandro Bremini Alessandro Bremini Ingrid Fischinger Ingrid Fischinger Paolo Zambotto Peter Wagner Yvonne Millard Manlio Palei Gianna Zamaro |
| author_facet | Paolo Zucca Paolo Zucca Marie-Christin Rossmann Marie-Christin Rossmann Jorge E. Osorio Kevin Karem Paola De Benedictis Josef Haißl Paola De Franceschi Elisa Calligaris Michaela Kohlweiß Giulio Meddi Wolfgang Gabrutsch Horst Mairitsch Oronzo Greco Roberto Furlani Marcello Maggio Massimiliano Tolomei Alessandro Bremini Alessandro Bremini Ingrid Fischinger Ingrid Fischinger Paolo Zambotto Peter Wagner Yvonne Millard Manlio Palei Gianna Zamaro |
| author_sort | Paolo Zucca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Illegal animal trade (pet, wildlife, animal products, etc.) is an example of transnational organized crime (T.O.C.) that generates a large business with huge profit margins. This criminal activity causes several negative effects on human health (zoonoses), animal health and welfare, market protection, consumer fraud and may be used as tool of agro/bio-terrorism. Illegal animal trade can facilitate the spread of zoonoses that are defined as diseases and infections that are transmitted by vertebrate animals to man. Humans are affected by more than 1,700 known pathogens: 60% of existing human infectious diseases are zoonotic and at least 75% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have an animal origin and 72% of zoonoses originate from wildlife or exotic animals. The Bio-Crime Project was developed in 2017 by Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy) and Land Carinthia (Austria) together with other public institutions to combat illegal animal trade and to reduce the risk of disease transmission from animals to humans. Project partners agreed that a multi-agency approach was required to tackle the illegal animal trade that was high value, easy to undertake and transnational crime. The Bio-crime model of cross-border cooperation introduces the novel approach of replicating the cooperative framework given by the triad of Veterinary Public Health, Justice and Law Enforcements/Customs across borders using the International Police and Custom Cooperation Centres (IPCCCs) as a connection link among public entities of the neighbor countries. This model has been recognized as a best practice at European level because it can be easily replicated and scaled up without any supplementary cost for Member States. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:50:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b82c426e6b64b43862462ed9d3eda7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:50:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b82c426e6b64b43862462ed9d3eda7f2022-12-22T00:52:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-11-01710.3389/fvets.2020.593683593683The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human PopulationPaolo Zucca0Paolo Zucca1Marie-Christin Rossmann2Marie-Christin Rossmann3Jorge E. Osorio4Kevin Karem5Paola De Benedictis6Josef Haißl7Paola De Franceschi8Elisa Calligaris9Michaela Kohlweiß10Giulio Meddi11Wolfgang Gabrutsch12Horst Mairitsch13Oronzo Greco14Roberto Furlani15Marcello Maggio16Massimiliano Tolomei17Alessandro Bremini18Alessandro Bremini19Ingrid Fischinger20Ingrid Fischinger21Paolo Zambotto22Peter Wagner23Yvonne Millard24Manlio Palei25Gianna Zamaro26Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies, and Disabilities, Trieste, ItalyBio-crime Veterinary Medical Intelligence Centre - c/o International Police and Custom Cooperation Centre, Thörl-Maglern, AustriaAgriculture, Forestry, Rural areas Veterinary Department, Land Carinthia, Klagenfurt, AustriaBio-crime Veterinary Medical Intelligence Centre - c/o International Police and Custom Cooperation Centre, Thörl-Maglern, AustriaDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, Madison, WI, United StatesCentre for Global Health Leadership, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesOIE Collaborating Centre and National Reference Centre for Infectious Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, FAO and National Reference for Rabies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, ItalyPublic Prosecutor Office, Klagenfurt, AustriaPublic Prosecutor Office, Udine, ItalyPublic Prosecutor Office, Udine, ItalyPolice Direction of the Land Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria0SCIP International Service of Police Cooperation, International Police and Custom Cooperation Centre, Thörl-Maglern, AustriaPolice Direction of the Land Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria1Custom Office, Ministry of Finance, Klagenfurt, Austria2Italian Financial Police, Regional Command Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Trieste, Italy2Italian Financial Police, Regional Command Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Trieste, Italy3Italian Army, Regional Command Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Trieste, Italy4Smart Solution Mentor, Bologna, ItalyCentral Directorate for Health, Social Policies, and Disabilities, Trieste, ItalyBio-crime Veterinary Medical Intelligence Centre - c/o International Police and Custom Cooperation Centre, Thörl-Maglern, AustriaBio-crime Veterinary Medical Intelligence Centre - c/o International Police and Custom Cooperation Centre, Thörl-Maglern, AustriaAgriculture, Forestry, Rural areas Veterinary Department, Land Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria5Veterinary Services, Autonomous Province of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy6Health and Care Management Department, Veterinary Services, Land Styria, Graz, Austria7Veterinary Services, Land Burgenland, Eisenstadt, AustriaCentral Directorate for Health, Social Policies, and Disabilities, Trieste, ItalyCentral Directorate for Health, Social Policies, and Disabilities, Trieste, ItalyIllegal animal trade (pet, wildlife, animal products, etc.) is an example of transnational organized crime (T.O.C.) that generates a large business with huge profit margins. This criminal activity causes several negative effects on human health (zoonoses), animal health and welfare, market protection, consumer fraud and may be used as tool of agro/bio-terrorism. Illegal animal trade can facilitate the spread of zoonoses that are defined as diseases and infections that are transmitted by vertebrate animals to man. Humans are affected by more than 1,700 known pathogens: 60% of existing human infectious diseases are zoonotic and at least 75% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have an animal origin and 72% of zoonoses originate from wildlife or exotic animals. The Bio-Crime Project was developed in 2017 by Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy) and Land Carinthia (Austria) together with other public institutions to combat illegal animal trade and to reduce the risk of disease transmission from animals to humans. Project partners agreed that a multi-agency approach was required to tackle the illegal animal trade that was high value, easy to undertake and transnational crime. The Bio-crime model of cross-border cooperation introduces the novel approach of replicating the cooperative framework given by the triad of Veterinary Public Health, Justice and Law Enforcements/Customs across borders using the International Police and Custom Cooperation Centres (IPCCCs) as a connection link among public entities of the neighbor countries. This model has been recognized as a best practice at European level because it can be easily replicated and scaled up without any supplementary cost for Member States.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.593683/fullbio-crimeveterinary serviceslaw enforcementsmedical intelligencezoonosesillegal animal trade |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Zucca Paolo Zucca Marie-Christin Rossmann Marie-Christin Rossmann Jorge E. Osorio Kevin Karem Paola De Benedictis Josef Haißl Paola De Franceschi Elisa Calligaris Michaela Kohlweiß Giulio Meddi Wolfgang Gabrutsch Horst Mairitsch Oronzo Greco Roberto Furlani Marcello Maggio Massimiliano Tolomei Alessandro Bremini Alessandro Bremini Ingrid Fischinger Ingrid Fischinger Paolo Zambotto Peter Wagner Yvonne Millard Manlio Palei Gianna Zamaro The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population Frontiers in Veterinary Science bio-crime veterinary services law enforcements medical intelligence zoonoses illegal animal trade |
| title | The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population |
| title_full | The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population |
| title_fullStr | The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population |
| title_short | The “Bio-Crime Model” of Cross-Border Cooperation Among Veterinary Public Health, Justice, Law Enforcements, and Customs to Tackle the Illegal Animal Trade/Bio-Terrorism and to Prevent the Spread of Zoonotic Diseases Among Human Population |
| title_sort | bio crime model of cross border cooperation among veterinary public health justice law enforcements and customs to tackle the illegal animal trade bio terrorism and to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases among human population |
| topic | bio-crime veterinary services law enforcements medical intelligence zoonoses illegal animal trade |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.593683/full |
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