Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements
The purpose of this study was to develop a reactive agility test with soccer goalkeeper (GK)-specific movements (G-RAT) and to examine the reliability and validity of college-aged GKs. We designed a five-branch star-shaped course with diving and ball-catching movements under reactive conditions. In...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/11/169 |
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| author | Yosuke Abe Hisataka Ambe Tomoyasu Okuda Masao Nakayama Noriteru Morita |
| author_facet | Yosuke Abe Hisataka Ambe Tomoyasu Okuda Masao Nakayama Noriteru Morita |
| author_sort | Yosuke Abe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to develop a reactive agility test with soccer goalkeeper (GK)-specific movements (G-RAT) and to examine the reliability and validity of college-aged GKs. We designed a five-branch star-shaped course with diving and ball-catching movements under reactive conditions. In the setup, a start–goal line was set on the top of a branch and 3.5 m away from the center of the star-shaped setting. Content validity was assessed by six experts, and the item-content validity index (I-CVI) was calculated. Thirty-three male GKs performed the test trial twice. One test trial of G-RAT consists of three shuttles from the start–goal line to diving and ball-catching. For the reactive condition, GKs were instructed on which ball directions should dive when their body trunk reached 1.5 m away from the start–goal line. GKs were classified into regular (R) or non-regular (NR) groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the reliability and predictive power as convergent validity. The I-CVI was 0.83, which was greater than the acceptable level of 0.78. The ICC value was 0.94 (<i>p</i> < 0.01; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.88–0.97). The GKs completed the test 14.3 ± 0.7 and 15.3 ± 1.0 s in the R and NR group (<i>p</i> < 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.89), respectively. The area under the curves of G-RAT was 0.80 (95%CI, 0.64–0.96). These results show that a GK-specific agility test under reactive conditions would have sufficient reliability and both content and convergent validity in college-aged GKs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:38:46Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0b859952b38e49bb808875a180a65ab4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:38:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b859952b38e49bb808875a180a65ab42023-11-24T06:51:27ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632022-10-01101116910.3390/sports10110169Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific MovementsYosuke Abe0Hisataka Ambe1Tomoyasu Okuda2Masao Nakayama3Noriteru Morita4Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanDepartment of Sports Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, 2-34-1 Midorigaoka, Iwamizawa 068-8642, JapanDepartment of Sports Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, 2-34-1 Midorigaoka, Iwamizawa 068-8642, JapanFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, JapanDepartment of Sports Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, 2-34-1 Midorigaoka, Iwamizawa 068-8642, JapanThe purpose of this study was to develop a reactive agility test with soccer goalkeeper (GK)-specific movements (G-RAT) and to examine the reliability and validity of college-aged GKs. We designed a five-branch star-shaped course with diving and ball-catching movements under reactive conditions. In the setup, a start–goal line was set on the top of a branch and 3.5 m away from the center of the star-shaped setting. Content validity was assessed by six experts, and the item-content validity index (I-CVI) was calculated. Thirty-three male GKs performed the test trial twice. One test trial of G-RAT consists of three shuttles from the start–goal line to diving and ball-catching. For the reactive condition, GKs were instructed on which ball directions should dive when their body trunk reached 1.5 m away from the start–goal line. GKs were classified into regular (R) or non-regular (NR) groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the reliability and predictive power as convergent validity. The I-CVI was 0.83, which was greater than the acceptable level of 0.78. The ICC value was 0.94 (<i>p</i> < 0.01; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.88–0.97). The GKs completed the test 14.3 ± 0.7 and 15.3 ± 1.0 s in the R and NR group (<i>p</i> < 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.89), respectively. The area under the curves of G-RAT was 0.80 (95%CI, 0.64–0.96). These results show that a GK-specific agility test under reactive conditions would have sufficient reliability and both content and convergent validity in college-aged GKs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/11/169goalkeeperchange in directionfootballcoordinationquickness |
| spellingShingle | Yosuke Abe Hisataka Ambe Tomoyasu Okuda Masao Nakayama Noriteru Morita Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements Sports goalkeeper change in direction football coordination quickness |
| title | Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements |
| title_full | Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements |
| title_fullStr | Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements |
| title_short | Reliability and Validity of a Novel Reactive Agility Test with Soccer Goalkeeper-Specific Movements |
| title_sort | reliability and validity of a novel reactive agility test with soccer goalkeeper specific movements |
| topic | goalkeeper change in direction football coordination quickness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/11/169 |
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