Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats
IntroductionCinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira (C. osmophloeum), a broad-leaved tree species of Taiwan, contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids such as cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid in leaves. Many reports have shown that the cinnamon leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory, hypog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1229192/full |
| _version_ | 1797756346535247872 |
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| author | Yi Chun Wang Vinchi Wang Bing Huei Chen Bing Huei Chen |
| author_facet | Yi Chun Wang Vinchi Wang Bing Huei Chen Bing Huei Chen |
| author_sort | Yi Chun Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira (C. osmophloeum), a broad-leaved tree species of Taiwan, contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids such as cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid in leaves. Many reports have shown that the cinnamon leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and neuroprotective functions. This study aims to analyze bioactive compounds in C. osmophloeum (cinnamon leaves) by UPLC-MS/MS and prepare hydrosol, cinnamon leaf extract and cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion for comparison in improving Parkinson’s disease (PD) in rats.MethodsAfter extraction and determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, cinnamaldehyde and the other bioactive compounds were analyzed in cinnamon leaves and hydrosol by UPLC-MS/MS. Cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing a suitable proportion of cinnamon leaf extract, soybean oil, lecithin, Tween 80 and deionized water, followed by characterization of particle size and polydispersity index by dynamic light scattering analyzer, particle size and shape by transmission electron microscope, encapsulation efficiency, as well as storage and heating stability. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were divided into seven groups with group 1 as control (sunflower oil) and group 2 as induction (2 mg/kg bw rotenone in sunflower oil plus 10 mL/kg bw saline), while the other groups including rotenone injection (2 mg/kg bw) followed by high-dose of 60 mg/kg bw (group 3) or low-dose of 20 mg/kg bw (group 4) for tube feeding of cinnamon leaf extract or cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion at the same doses (groups 5 and 6) every day for 5 weeks as well as group 7 with rotenone plus hydrosol containing 0.5 g cinnamon leaf powder at a dose of 10 mL/kg bw. Biochemical analysis of brain tissue (striatum and midbrain) was done to determine dopamine, α-synuclein, tyrosine hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde contents by using commercial kits, while catalepsy performed by bar test.Results and discussionAn extraction solvent of 80% ethanol was found to be the most optimal with a high yield of 15 bioactive compounds being obtained following UPLC analysis. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization mode was used for identification and quantitation, with cinnamaldehyde present at the highest amount (17985.2 µg/g). The cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was successfully prepared with the mean particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency being 30.1 nm, -43.1 mV, 0.149 and 91.6%, respectively. A high stability of cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was shown over a 90-day storage period at 4 and heating at 100 for 2 h. Animal experiments revealed that the treatments of cinnamon leaf extract, nanoemulsion and hydrosol increased the dopamine contents from 17.08% to 49.39% and tyrosine hydroxylase levels from 17.07% to 25.59%, while reduced the α-synuclein levels from 17.56% to 15.95% in the striatum of rats. Additionally, in the midbrain of rats, an elevation of activities of superoxide dismutase (6.69-16.82%), catalase (8.56-16.94%), and glutathione peroxidase (2.09-16.94%) was shown, while the malondialdehyde content declined by 15.47-22.47%. Comparatively, the high-dose nanoemulsion exerted the most pronounced effect in improving PD in rats and may be a promising candidate for the development of health food or botanic drug. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:59:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b87b97decb541c4b923276ad102a5202023-08-02T13:10:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2023-08-011010.3389/fnut.2023.12291921229192Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in ratsYi Chun Wang0Vinchi Wang1Bing Huei Chen2Bing Huei Chen3Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanIntroductionCinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira (C. osmophloeum), a broad-leaved tree species of Taiwan, contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids such as cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid in leaves. Many reports have shown that the cinnamon leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and neuroprotective functions. This study aims to analyze bioactive compounds in C. osmophloeum (cinnamon leaves) by UPLC-MS/MS and prepare hydrosol, cinnamon leaf extract and cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion for comparison in improving Parkinson’s disease (PD) in rats.MethodsAfter extraction and determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, cinnamaldehyde and the other bioactive compounds were analyzed in cinnamon leaves and hydrosol by UPLC-MS/MS. Cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing a suitable proportion of cinnamon leaf extract, soybean oil, lecithin, Tween 80 and deionized water, followed by characterization of particle size and polydispersity index by dynamic light scattering analyzer, particle size and shape by transmission electron microscope, encapsulation efficiency, as well as storage and heating stability. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were divided into seven groups with group 1 as control (sunflower oil) and group 2 as induction (2 mg/kg bw rotenone in sunflower oil plus 10 mL/kg bw saline), while the other groups including rotenone injection (2 mg/kg bw) followed by high-dose of 60 mg/kg bw (group 3) or low-dose of 20 mg/kg bw (group 4) for tube feeding of cinnamon leaf extract or cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion at the same doses (groups 5 and 6) every day for 5 weeks as well as group 7 with rotenone plus hydrosol containing 0.5 g cinnamon leaf powder at a dose of 10 mL/kg bw. Biochemical analysis of brain tissue (striatum and midbrain) was done to determine dopamine, α-synuclein, tyrosine hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde contents by using commercial kits, while catalepsy performed by bar test.Results and discussionAn extraction solvent of 80% ethanol was found to be the most optimal with a high yield of 15 bioactive compounds being obtained following UPLC analysis. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization mode was used for identification and quantitation, with cinnamaldehyde present at the highest amount (17985.2 µg/g). The cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was successfully prepared with the mean particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency being 30.1 nm, -43.1 mV, 0.149 and 91.6%, respectively. A high stability of cinnamon leaf nanoemulsion was shown over a 90-day storage period at 4 and heating at 100 for 2 h. Animal experiments revealed that the treatments of cinnamon leaf extract, nanoemulsion and hydrosol increased the dopamine contents from 17.08% to 49.39% and tyrosine hydroxylase levels from 17.07% to 25.59%, while reduced the α-synuclein levels from 17.56% to 15.95% in the striatum of rats. Additionally, in the midbrain of rats, an elevation of activities of superoxide dismutase (6.69-16.82%), catalase (8.56-16.94%), and glutathione peroxidase (2.09-16.94%) was shown, while the malondialdehyde content declined by 15.47-22.47%. Comparatively, the high-dose nanoemulsion exerted the most pronounced effect in improving PD in rats and may be a promising candidate for the development of health food or botanic drug.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1229192/fullcinnamon leaveshydrosolnanoemulsionUPLC-MS/MSParkinson’s disease in rats |
| spellingShingle | Yi Chun Wang Vinchi Wang Bing Huei Chen Bing Huei Chen Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats Frontiers in Nutrition cinnamon leaves hydrosol nanoemulsion UPLC-MS/MS Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title | Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title_full | Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title_short | Analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| title_sort | analysis of bioactive compounds in cinnamon leaves and preparation of nanoemulsion and byproducts for improving parkinson s disease in rats |
| topic | cinnamon leaves hydrosol nanoemulsion UPLC-MS/MS Parkinson’s disease in rats |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1229192/full |
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