End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage
An urgent need to decarbonize the surface transport sector has led to a surge in the electrification of passenger and heavy-duty fleet vehicles. The lack of widespread public charging infrastructure hinders this electric vehicle (EV) transition. Extreme fast charging along interstates and highway co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/169 |
| _version_ | 1797613455908274176 |
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| author | Vishwas Powar Rajendra Singh |
| author_facet | Vishwas Powar Rajendra Singh |
| author_sort | Vishwas Powar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An urgent need to decarbonize the surface transport sector has led to a surge in the electrification of passenger and heavy-duty fleet vehicles. The lack of widespread public charging infrastructure hinders this electric vehicle (EV) transition. Extreme fast charging along interstates and highway corridors is a potential solution. However, the legacy power grid based on alternating current (AC) beckons for costly upgrades that will be necessary to sustain sporadic fast charging loads. The primary goal of this paper is to propose a sustainable, low-loss, extremely fast charging infrastructure based on photovoltaics (PV) and co-located lithium-ion battery storage (BESS). Lithium-ion BESS plays a pivotal role in our proposed design by mitigating demand charges and operating as an independent 16–18 h power source. An end-to-end direct current power network with high voltage direct current interconnection is also incorporated. The design methodology focuses on comprehensive hourly EV-load models generated for different types of passenger vehicles and heavy-duty fleet charging. Appropriate PV-BESS sizing, optimum tilt, and temperature compensation techniques based on 15 years of irradiation data were utilized in the design. The proposed grid-independent DC power networks can significantly improve well-to-wheels efficiency by minimizing total system losses for fast charging networks. The network power savings for low, medium, and high voltage use cases were evaluated. Our results demonstrate 17% to 25% power savings compared to the traditional AC case. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b998661723c4acb8c40df564ebde8f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b998661723c4acb8c40df564ebde8f32023-11-17T09:36:14ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-03-019316910.3390/batteries9030169End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery StorageVishwas Powar0Rajendra Singh1Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USAHolcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USAAn urgent need to decarbonize the surface transport sector has led to a surge in the electrification of passenger and heavy-duty fleet vehicles. The lack of widespread public charging infrastructure hinders this electric vehicle (EV) transition. Extreme fast charging along interstates and highway corridors is a potential solution. However, the legacy power grid based on alternating current (AC) beckons for costly upgrades that will be necessary to sustain sporadic fast charging loads. The primary goal of this paper is to propose a sustainable, low-loss, extremely fast charging infrastructure based on photovoltaics (PV) and co-located lithium-ion battery storage (BESS). Lithium-ion BESS plays a pivotal role in our proposed design by mitigating demand charges and operating as an independent 16–18 h power source. An end-to-end direct current power network with high voltage direct current interconnection is also incorporated. The design methodology focuses on comprehensive hourly EV-load models generated for different types of passenger vehicles and heavy-duty fleet charging. Appropriate PV-BESS sizing, optimum tilt, and temperature compensation techniques based on 15 years of irradiation data were utilized in the design. The proposed grid-independent DC power networks can significantly improve well-to-wheels efficiency by minimizing total system losses for fast charging networks. The network power savings for low, medium, and high voltage use cases were evaluated. Our results demonstrate 17% to 25% power savings compared to the traditional AC case.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/169lithium-ion battery storageelectric vehiclesextreme fast charginghigh voltage direct currentphotovoltaics |
| spellingShingle | Vishwas Powar Rajendra Singh End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Batteries lithium-ion battery storage electric vehicles extreme fast charging high voltage direct current photovoltaics |
| title | End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage |
| title_full | End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage |
| title_fullStr | End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage |
| title_short | End-to-End Direct-Current-Based Extreme Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Lithium-Ion Battery Storage |
| title_sort | end to end direct current based extreme fast electric vehicle charging infrastructure using lithium ion battery storage |
| topic | lithium-ion battery storage electric vehicles extreme fast charging high voltage direct current photovoltaics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/169 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vishwaspowar endtoenddirectcurrentbasedextremefastelectricvehiclecharginginfrastructureusinglithiumionbatterystorage AT rajendrasingh endtoenddirectcurrentbasedextremefastelectricvehiclecharginginfrastructureusinglithiumionbatterystorage |