High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber
In this work a plasmonic sensor with a D-Shaped microstructured optical fiber <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>MOF</mi></mrow...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3220 |
| _version_ | 1797502890995089408 |
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| author | Nilson H. O. Cunha José P. Da Silva |
| author_facet | Nilson H. O. Cunha José P. Da Silva |
| author_sort | Nilson H. O. Cunha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work a plasmonic sensor with a D-Shaped microstructured optical fiber <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>MOF</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is proposed to detect a wide range of analyte refractive index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mrow><mi>RI</mi><mo> </mo></mrow><mo>;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by doping the pure silica <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> core with distinct concentrations of Germanium Dioxide <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>GeO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, causing the presentation of high spectral sensitivity. In this case, the fiber is shaped by polishing a coating of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, on the region that will be doped with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>GeO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, in the polished area, a thin gold <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>Au</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> layer, which constitutes the plasmonic material, is introduced, followed by the analyte, in a way which the gold layer is deposited between the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. and the analyte. The numerical results obtained in the study shows that the sensor can determine efficiently a range of 0.13 refractive index units <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>RIU</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with a limit operation where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> varies from 1.32 to 1.45. Within this application, the sensor has reached an average wavelength sensitivity <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>WS</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>650.63</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi>nm</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>RIU</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. With this level of sensitivity, the D-Shaped format and wide range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> detection, the proposed fiber has great potential for sensing applications in several areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ba3cb529cc94041a8446acdc04901f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ba3cb529cc94041a8446acdc04901f92023-11-23T09:15:16ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-04-01229322010.3390/s22093220High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical FiberNilson H. O. Cunha0José P. Da Silva1Post-Graduated Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, BrazilPost-Graduated Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, BrazilIn this work a plasmonic sensor with a D-Shaped microstructured optical fiber <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>MOF</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is proposed to detect a wide range of analyte refractive index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mrow><mi>RI</mi><mo> </mo></mrow><mo>;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by doping the pure silica <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> core with distinct concentrations of Germanium Dioxide <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>GeO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, causing the presentation of high spectral sensitivity. In this case, the fiber is shaped by polishing a coating of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, on the region that will be doped with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>GeO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, in the polished area, a thin gold <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>Au</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> layer, which constitutes the plasmonic material, is introduced, followed by the analyte, in a way which the gold layer is deposited between the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. and the analyte. The numerical results obtained in the study shows that the sensor can determine efficiently a range of 0.13 refractive index units <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>RIU</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with a limit operation where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> varies from 1.32 to 1.45. Within this application, the sensor has reached an average wavelength sensitivity <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>WS</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>650.63</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi>nm</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>RIU</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. With this level of sensitivity, the D-Shaped format and wide range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> detection, the proposed fiber has great potential for sensing applications in several areas.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3220optical sensorsmicrostructured optical fibersurface plasmon resonancerefractive index detectionGe-doped defect |
| spellingShingle | Nilson H. O. Cunha José P. Da Silva High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors optical sensors microstructured optical fiber surface plasmon resonance refractive index detection Ge-doped defect |
| title | High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber |
| title_full | High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber |
| title_fullStr | High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber |
| title_short | High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber |
| title_sort | high sensitivity surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a ge doped defect and d shaped microstructured optical fiber |
| topic | optical sensors microstructured optical fiber surface plasmon resonance refractive index detection Ge-doped defect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3220 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nilsonhocunha highsensitivitysurfaceplasmonresonancesensorbasedonagedopeddefectanddshapedmicrostructuredopticalfiber AT josepdasilva highsensitivitysurfaceplasmonresonancesensorbasedonagedopeddefectanddshapedmicrostructuredopticalfiber |