Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/5/1026 |
| _version_ | 1819046598270779392 |
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| author | André Pereira Liliana Silva Célia Laranjeiro Celeste Lino Angelina Pena |
| author_facet | André Pereira Liliana Silva Célia Laranjeiro Celeste Lino Angelina Pena |
| author_sort | André Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a systematic review on their source, fate and occurrence in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results obtained evidence that concentrations of pharmaceuticals are present, in decreasing order, in wastewater influents (WWIs), wastewater effluents (WWEs) and surface waters, with values up to 14 mg L<sup>−1</sup> for ibuprofen in WWIs. The therapeutic groups which presented higher detection frequencies and concentrations were anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, antibiotics and lipid regulators. These results present a broad and specialized background, enabling a complete overview on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic compartments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:47:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ba55a2953a9420491c88f3a14cce8c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:47:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ba55a2953a9420491c88f3a14cce8c32022-12-21T19:06:45ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-02-01255102610.3390/molecules25051026molecules25051026Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and OccurrenceAndré Pereira0Liliana Silva1Célia Laranjeiro2Celeste Lino3Angelina Pena4LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548, PortugalPotential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a systematic review on their source, fate and occurrence in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results obtained evidence that concentrations of pharmaceuticals are present, in decreasing order, in wastewater influents (WWIs), wastewater effluents (WWEs) and surface waters, with values up to 14 mg L<sup>−1</sup> for ibuprofen in WWIs. The therapeutic groups which presented higher detection frequencies and concentrations were anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, antibiotics and lipid regulators. These results present a broad and specialized background, enabling a complete overview on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic compartments.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/5/1026environmental contaminantspharmaceuticals occurrencepharmaceuticalsaquatic compartments |
| spellingShingle | André Pereira Liliana Silva Célia Laranjeiro Celeste Lino Angelina Pena Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence Molecules environmental contaminants pharmaceuticals occurrence pharmaceuticals aquatic compartments |
| title | Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence |
| title_full | Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence |
| title_fullStr | Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence |
| title_short | Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence |
| title_sort | selected pharmaceuticals in different aquatic compartments part i source fate and occurrence |
| topic | environmental contaminants pharmaceuticals occurrence pharmaceuticals aquatic compartments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/5/1026 |
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