Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets
The 1918 influenza killed approximately 50 million people in a few short years, and now, the world is facing another pandemic. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness termed...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8081 |
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| author | Harry Karmouty-Quintana Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan Steven P. Keller Sandeep Sahay Lavannya M. Pandit Bindu Akkanti |
| author_facet | Harry Karmouty-Quintana Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan Steven P. Keller Sandeep Sahay Lavannya M. Pandit Bindu Akkanti |
| author_sort | Harry Karmouty-Quintana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 1918 influenza killed approximately 50 million people in a few short years, and now, the world is facing another pandemic. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread to cause the worst pandemic since 1918. Recent clinical reports highlight an atypical presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients characterized by severe hypoxemia, an imbalance of the renin–angiotensin system, an increase in thrombogenic processes, and a cytokine release storm. These processes not only exacerbate lung injury but can also promote pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction, which are hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is a complication of ARDS that has received little attention; thus, we hypothesize that PH in COVID-19-induced ARDS represents an important target for disease amelioration. The mechanisms that can promote PH following SARS-CoV-2 infection are described. In this review article, we outline emerging mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction and outline potential treatment options that have been clinically tested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:13:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ba5f021241d43ee8f87f2d4b46941da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:13:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ba5f021241d43ee8f87f2d4b46941da2023-11-20T19:03:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012121808110.3390/ijms21218081Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic TargetsHarry Karmouty-Quintana0Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan1Steven P. Keller2Sandeep Sahay3Lavannya M. Pandit4Bindu Akkanti5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USADivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USACo-Director, Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USAMichael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USADivisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe 1918 influenza killed approximately 50 million people in a few short years, and now, the world is facing another pandemic. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread to cause the worst pandemic since 1918. Recent clinical reports highlight an atypical presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients characterized by severe hypoxemia, an imbalance of the renin–angiotensin system, an increase in thrombogenic processes, and a cytokine release storm. These processes not only exacerbate lung injury but can also promote pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction, which are hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is a complication of ARDS that has received little attention; thus, we hypothesize that PH in COVID-19-induced ARDS represents an important target for disease amelioration. The mechanisms that can promote PH following SARS-CoV-2 infection are described. In this review article, we outline emerging mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction and outline potential treatment options that have been clinically tested.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8081acute lung injuryrespiratory viral infectionCOVID-19renin angiotensin systemKallikrein–Kinin Systemcytokine release storm |
| spellingShingle | Harry Karmouty-Quintana Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan Steven P. Keller Sandeep Sahay Lavannya M. Pandit Bindu Akkanti Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets International Journal of Molecular Sciences acute lung injury respiratory viral infection COVID-19 renin angiotensin system Kallikrein–Kinin System cytokine release storm |
| title | Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full | Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_short | Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets |
| title_sort | emerging mechanisms of pulmonary vasoconstriction in sars cov 2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome ards and potential therapeutic targets |
| topic | acute lung injury respiratory viral infection COVID-19 renin angiotensin system Kallikrein–Kinin System cytokine release storm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8081 |
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