Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study
With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1025781/full |
| _version_ | 1827108404511899648 |
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| author | Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Jean-Philippe Roy Jean-Philippe Roy Catherine Belloc David Francoz David Francoz Marie-Ève Paradis Marie Archambault Marie Archambault John Morris Fairbrother Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin |
| author_facet | Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Jean-Philippe Roy Jean-Philippe Roy Catherine Belloc David Francoz David Francoz Marie-Ève Paradis Marie Archambault Marie Archambault John Morris Fairbrother Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin |
| author_sort | Nikky Millar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinarians. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a new regulation restricting the use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health in the dairy production sector in the province of Québec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with fifteen veterinarians and twenty-seven dairy producers. Thematic analysis was performed based on the COM-B model of behavior change (capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior). Our results indicated that the lack of availability of alternative treatments, the long delays related to diagnostic tests and the fear of economic consequences were major barriers to the implementation of the regulation. A small number of producers also perceived that the regulation negatively impacted the health and wellbeing of their animals. Additionally, participants acknowledged the importance of early education and training to better understand the purpose of the regulation and increase its acceptability. Lastly, most participants reported that they had not only reduced their use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health following the regulation, but they had also increased preventive practices on their farm. This study reveals that the implementation of restrictive regulations to reduce AMU in animal production can lead to multiple challenges in practice. Our results highlight the need for better communication and training of producers and veterinarians before and during the implementation of similar regulations in the future and underline the importance of measuring the direct and indirect impacts of those regulations on productivity and on animal health and wellbeing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:14:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ba687868a824554bcc5429985e0e353 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-20T10:25:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ba687868a824554bcc5429985e0e3532024-09-23T11:30:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-03-011010.3389/fvets.2023.10257811025781Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative studyNikky Millar0Nikky Millar1Nikky Millar2Nikky Millar3Simon Dufour4Simon Dufour5Simon Dufour6Hélène Lardé7Hélène Lardé8Hélène Lardé9Hélène Lardé10Jean-Philippe Roy11Jean-Philippe Roy12Catherine Belloc13David Francoz14David Francoz15Marie-Ève Paradis16Marie Archambault17Marie Archambault18John Morris Fairbrother19Cécile Aenishaenslin20Cécile Aenishaenslin21Cécile Aenishaenslin22Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux du Québec du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaRoss University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and NevisFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaOniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, Nantes, FranceFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaAssociation des médecins vétérinaires praticiens du Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaFond de recherche Nature et technologies du Québec (FRQNT)—Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaGroupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux du Québec du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaWith the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinarians. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a new regulation restricting the use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health in the dairy production sector in the province of Québec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with fifteen veterinarians and twenty-seven dairy producers. Thematic analysis was performed based on the COM-B model of behavior change (capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior). Our results indicated that the lack of availability of alternative treatments, the long delays related to diagnostic tests and the fear of economic consequences were major barriers to the implementation of the regulation. A small number of producers also perceived that the regulation negatively impacted the health and wellbeing of their animals. Additionally, participants acknowledged the importance of early education and training to better understand the purpose of the regulation and increase its acceptability. Lastly, most participants reported that they had not only reduced their use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health following the regulation, but they had also increased preventive practices on their farm. This study reveals that the implementation of restrictive regulations to reduce AMU in animal production can lead to multiple challenges in practice. Our results highlight the need for better communication and training of producers and veterinarians before and during the implementation of similar regulations in the future and underline the importance of measuring the direct and indirect impacts of those regulations on productivity and on animal health and wellbeing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1025781/fullantimicrobialsantimicrobial resistancelegislationanimalsbehaviorindividual interview |
| spellingShingle | Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Nikky Millar Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Simon Dufour Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Hélène Lardé Jean-Philippe Roy Jean-Philippe Roy Catherine Belloc David Francoz David Francoz Marie-Ève Paradis Marie Archambault Marie Archambault John Morris Fairbrother Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin Cécile Aenishaenslin Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study Frontiers in Veterinary Science antimicrobials antimicrobial resistance legislation animals behavior individual interview |
| title | Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study |
| title_full | Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study |
| title_fullStr | Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study |
| title_short | Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study |
| title_sort | barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in quebec canada a qualitative study |
| topic | antimicrobials antimicrobial resistance legislation animals behavior individual interview |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1025781/full |
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