Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors
Pure, mixed and doped metal oxides (MOX) have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electrochemical sensors since they are cheaper, faster, easier to operate and capable of online analysis and real-time identification. This review focuses on highly sensitive chemoresistive t...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2494 |
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| author | Enza Fazio Salvatore Spadaro Carmelo Corsaro Giulia Neri Salvatore Gianluca Leonardi Fortunato Neri Nehru Lavanya Chinnathambi Sekar Nicola Donato Giovanni Neri |
| author_facet | Enza Fazio Salvatore Spadaro Carmelo Corsaro Giulia Neri Salvatore Gianluca Leonardi Fortunato Neri Nehru Lavanya Chinnathambi Sekar Nicola Donato Giovanni Neri |
| author_sort | Enza Fazio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pure, mixed and doped metal oxides (MOX) have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electrochemical sensors since they are cheaper, faster, easier to operate and capable of online analysis and real-time identification. This review focuses on highly sensitive chemoresistive type sensors based on doped-SnO<sub>2</sub>, RhO, ZnO-Ca, Sm<sub>x</sub>-CoFe<sub>2−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> semiconductors used to detect toxic gases (H<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>2</sub>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., acetone, ethanol) in monitoring of gaseous markers in the breath of patients with specific pathologies and for environmental pollution control. Interesting results about the monitoring of biochemical substances as dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin and glucose have been also reported using electrochemical sensors based on hybrid MOX nanocomposite modified glassy carbon and screen-printed carbon electrodes. The fundamental sensing mechanisms and commercial limitations of the MOX-based electrical and electrochemical sensors are discussed providing research directions to bridge the existing gap between new sensing concepts and real-world analytical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bbf4ec9a9dd4d12a5b0c801e950cd75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bbf4ec9a9dd4d12a5b0c801e950cd752023-11-21T14:06:44ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01217249410.3390/s21072494Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical SensorsEnza Fazio0Salvatore Spadaro1Carmelo Corsaro2Giulia Neri3Salvatore Gianluca Leonardi4Fortunato Neri5Nehru Lavanya6Chinnathambi Sekar7Nicola Donato8Giovanni Neri9Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Advanced Technologies for Energy (ITAE)—CNR, Salita Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, I-98126 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, IndiaDepartment of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, IndiaDepartment of Engineering, Messina University, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Messina University, I-98166 Messina, ItalyPure, mixed and doped metal oxides (MOX) have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electrochemical sensors since they are cheaper, faster, easier to operate and capable of online analysis and real-time identification. This review focuses on highly sensitive chemoresistive type sensors based on doped-SnO<sub>2</sub>, RhO, ZnO-Ca, Sm<sub>x</sub>-CoFe<sub>2−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> semiconductors used to detect toxic gases (H<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>2</sub>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., acetone, ethanol) in monitoring of gaseous markers in the breath of patients with specific pathologies and for environmental pollution control. Interesting results about the monitoring of biochemical substances as dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin and glucose have been also reported using electrochemical sensors based on hybrid MOX nanocomposite modified glassy carbon and screen-printed carbon electrodes. The fundamental sensing mechanisms and commercial limitations of the MOX-based electrical and electrochemical sensors are discussed providing research directions to bridge the existing gap between new sensing concepts and real-world analytical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2494metal-oxidenanohybridconductometric sensorsgas sensingelectrochemical sensorsbiosensing |
| spellingShingle | Enza Fazio Salvatore Spadaro Carmelo Corsaro Giulia Neri Salvatore Gianluca Leonardi Fortunato Neri Nehru Lavanya Chinnathambi Sekar Nicola Donato Giovanni Neri Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors Sensors metal-oxide nanohybrid conductometric sensors gas sensing electrochemical sensors biosensing |
| title | Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors |
| title_full | Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors |
| title_short | Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors |
| title_sort | metal oxide based nanomaterials synthesis characterization and their applications in electrical and electrochemical sensors |
| topic | metal-oxide nanohybrid conductometric sensors gas sensing electrochemical sensors biosensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2494 |
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