A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water
Effective fluoride removal from water is a persistent global concern both for drinking water and wastewater treatment. According to World Health Organization (WHO), standards for the maximum contaminant level in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg F<sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1<...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/74 |
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| author | Athanasia K. Tolkou Elie Meez George Z. Kyzas Vincenzo Torretta Maria Cristina Collivignarelli Francesca Maria Caccamo Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis |
| author_facet | Athanasia K. Tolkou Elie Meez George Z. Kyzas Vincenzo Torretta Maria Cristina Collivignarelli Francesca Maria Caccamo Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis |
| author_sort | Athanasia K. Tolkou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Effective fluoride removal from water is a persistent global concern both for drinking water and wastewater treatment. According to World Health Organization (WHO), standards for the maximum contaminant level in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg F<sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> since affects the skeletal and nervous systems of humans. Various technologies have been developed to decrease fluoride concentration from waters, such as adsorption, coagulation, precipitation and membrane separation. Membrane technology has been found to be a very effective technology, significantly reducing fluoride to desired standards levels; however, it has received less attention than other technologies because it is a costly process. This review aims to discuss the recent studies using modified membranes for fluoride removal. Emphasis is given on cellulose-, polymer- and graphene-based membranes and is further discussing the modification of membranes with several metals that have been developed in the last years. It was observed that the main focus of the total publications has been on the use of polymer-based membranes. Most of the membranes applied for defluoridation exhibit greater efficiency at pH values close to that of drinking water (i.e., 6–8), and maximum treatment capacity was obtained with the use of a cellulose modified membrane Fe-Al-Mn@chitosan with a permeate flux of 2000 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, following the carbon-based amyloid fibril nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> composites (CAF-Zr) 1750 L m<sup>−2</sup>. A technical-economic comparison study of NF and RO is also referred, concluding that NF membrane is slightly less expensive. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:30:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:30:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bc00ab32eb34c1aaf9238e5ebd6fb952023-11-23T04:08:18ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292021-10-01747410.3390/c7040074A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking WaterAthanasia K. Tolkou0Elie Meez1George Z. Kyzas2Vincenzo Torretta3Maria Cristina Collivignarelli4Francesca Maria Caccamo5Eleni A. Deliyanni6Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis7Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, GreeceDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 46 Via G.B. Vico, 21100 Varese, ItalyDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceEffective fluoride removal from water is a persistent global concern both for drinking water and wastewater treatment. According to World Health Organization (WHO), standards for the maximum contaminant level in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg F<sup>−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> since affects the skeletal and nervous systems of humans. Various technologies have been developed to decrease fluoride concentration from waters, such as adsorption, coagulation, precipitation and membrane separation. Membrane technology has been found to be a very effective technology, significantly reducing fluoride to desired standards levels; however, it has received less attention than other technologies because it is a costly process. This review aims to discuss the recent studies using modified membranes for fluoride removal. Emphasis is given on cellulose-, polymer- and graphene-based membranes and is further discussing the modification of membranes with several metals that have been developed in the last years. It was observed that the main focus of the total publications has been on the use of polymer-based membranes. Most of the membranes applied for defluoridation exhibit greater efficiency at pH values close to that of drinking water (i.e., 6–8), and maximum treatment capacity was obtained with the use of a cellulose modified membrane Fe-Al-Mn@chitosan with a permeate flux of 2000 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, following the carbon-based amyloid fibril nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> composites (CAF-Zr) 1750 L m<sup>−2</sup>. A technical-economic comparison study of NF and RO is also referred, concluding that NF membrane is slightly less expensive.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/74filtrationinionsnano filtrationnatural waterspolyacrylonitrilereverse osmosis |
| spellingShingle | Athanasia K. Tolkou Elie Meez George Z. Kyzas Vincenzo Torretta Maria Cristina Collivignarelli Francesca Maria Caccamo Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water C filtration inions nano filtration natural waters polyacrylonitrile reverse osmosis |
| title | A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water |
| title_full | A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water |
| title_fullStr | A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water |
| title_short | A Mini Review of Recent Findings in Cellulose-, Polymer- and Graphene-Based Membranes for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water |
| title_sort | mini review of recent findings in cellulose polymer and graphene based membranes for fluoride removal from drinking water |
| topic | filtration inions nano filtration natural waters polyacrylonitrile reverse osmosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/74 |
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