A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: An understanding of the anatomical complexity of teeth is a significant factor for a successful endodontic treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and pattern of distribution of radix entomolaris (RE) in mandibular first mol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/2025 |
| _version_ | 1797458418860032000 |
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| author | Muhammad Qasim Javed Swati Srivastava Badi Baen Rashed Alotaibi Usman Anwer Bhatti Ayman M. Abulhamael Syed Rashid Habib |
| author_facet | Muhammad Qasim Javed Swati Srivastava Badi Baen Rashed Alotaibi Usman Anwer Bhatti Ayman M. Abulhamael Syed Rashid Habib |
| author_sort | Muhammad Qasim Javed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: An understanding of the anatomical complexity of teeth is a significant factor for a successful endodontic treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and pattern of distribution of radix entomolaris (RE) in mandibular first molars (MFMs) of a Saudi Arabian subpopulation using CBCT scans. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This study was conducted at dental clinics of Qassim University from February to May 2023 by evaluating CBCT scans that were previously obtained for diagnostic purposes. Scans of Saudi national patients with bilaterally present MFMs and fully formed root apices were included. Conversely, scans with one/or two missing MFMs, MFMs with incomplete root apices, full- or partial-coverage prosthesis, endodontic treatment, and associated radicular resorption were excluded from study. A total of 303 CBCT scans with 606 bilateral MFMs were analyzed by two calibrated evaluators for the presence of, and type according to Song’s typolgy of RE. The data were analyzed using SPPS-24. The descriptive variables were documented as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the prevalence of RE with the gender, jaw side and age group. Both inter-rater and intra-rater agreements were estimated for detecting and classifying RE using Cohen’s kappa test. <i>Results</i>: The sample had 63.7% males and 36.3% females. The prevalence of RE was 6.6%, with Song’s type III (57.5%) as the most common variant. Absolute agreement was noted between the raters about the presence of RE and very strong agreement was noted for the classification of the RE. <i>Conclusions</i>: RE is an uncommon finding among the mandibular first molars of the Saudi population without any gender and quadrant predilection. The clinicians’ knowledge of the presence and Song’s type of RE may contribute towards the enhancement of endodontic treatment outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0bc2d852181d4b37aa12626481a9d54f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bc2d852181d4b37aa12626481a9d54f2023-11-24T14:55:04ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-11-015911202510.3390/medicina59112025A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian PopulationMuhammad Qasim Javed0Swati Srivastava1Badi Baen Rashed Alotaibi2Usman Anwer Bhatti3Ayman M. Abulhamael4Syed Rashid Habib5Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia<i>Background and Objectives</i>: An understanding of the anatomical complexity of teeth is a significant factor for a successful endodontic treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and pattern of distribution of radix entomolaris (RE) in mandibular first molars (MFMs) of a Saudi Arabian subpopulation using CBCT scans. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This study was conducted at dental clinics of Qassim University from February to May 2023 by evaluating CBCT scans that were previously obtained for diagnostic purposes. Scans of Saudi national patients with bilaterally present MFMs and fully formed root apices were included. Conversely, scans with one/or two missing MFMs, MFMs with incomplete root apices, full- or partial-coverage prosthesis, endodontic treatment, and associated radicular resorption were excluded from study. A total of 303 CBCT scans with 606 bilateral MFMs were analyzed by two calibrated evaluators for the presence of, and type according to Song’s typolgy of RE. The data were analyzed using SPPS-24. The descriptive variables were documented as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the prevalence of RE with the gender, jaw side and age group. Both inter-rater and intra-rater agreements were estimated for detecting and classifying RE using Cohen’s kappa test. <i>Results</i>: The sample had 63.7% males and 36.3% females. The prevalence of RE was 6.6%, with Song’s type III (57.5%) as the most common variant. Absolute agreement was noted between the raters about the presence of RE and very strong agreement was noted for the classification of the RE. <i>Conclusions</i>: RE is an uncommon finding among the mandibular first molars of the Saudi population without any gender and quadrant predilection. The clinicians’ knowledge of the presence and Song’s type of RE may contribute towards the enhancement of endodontic treatment outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/2025cone beam computed tomographycross-sectional studiesdiagnostic imagingdentistryendodonticsmandibular molars |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Qasim Javed Swati Srivastava Badi Baen Rashed Alotaibi Usman Anwer Bhatti Ayman M. Abulhamael Syed Rashid Habib A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population Medicina cone beam computed tomography cross-sectional studies diagnostic imaging dentistry endodontics mandibular molars |
| title | A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_full | A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_fullStr | A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_short | A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Frequency and Pattern of Radix Entomolaris in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_sort | cone beam computed tomography based investigation of the frequency and pattern of radix entomolaris in the saudi arabian population |
| topic | cone beam computed tomography cross-sectional studies diagnostic imaging dentistry endodontics mandibular molars |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/2025 |
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