Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain)
Tetrodotoxins (TTX) are a potent group of natural neurotoxins putatively produced by symbiotic microorganisms and affecting the aquatic environment. These neurotoxins have been recently found in some species of bivalves and gastropods along the European Coasts (Greece, UK, and The Netherlands) linke...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/3/81 |
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| author | Jose Manuel Leão Antonio Lozano-Leon Jorge Giráldez Óscar Vilariño Ana Gago-Martínez |
| author_facet | Jose Manuel Leão Antonio Lozano-Leon Jorge Giráldez Óscar Vilariño Ana Gago-Martínez |
| author_sort | Jose Manuel Leão |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tetrodotoxins (TTX) are a potent group of natural neurotoxins putatively produced by symbiotic microorganisms and affecting the aquatic environment. These neurotoxins have been recently found in some species of bivalves and gastropods along the European Coasts (Greece, UK, and The Netherlands) linked to the presence of high concentrations of Vibrio, in particular Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study is focused on the evaluation of the presence of Vibrio species and TTX in bivalves (mussels, oysters, cockles, clams, scallops, and razor clams) from Galician Rias (northwest of Spain). The detection and isolation of the major Vibrio spp. and other enterobacterial populations have been carried out with the aim of screening for the presence of the pathways genes, poliketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) possibly involved in the biosynthesis of these toxins. Samples containing Vibrio spp. were analyzed by biochemical (API20E-galery) and genetic tests (PCR-RT). These samples were then screened for TTX toxicity by a neuroblastoma cell-based assay (N2a) and the presence of TTX was further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. TTX was detected in two infaunal samples. This is the first confirmation of the presence of TTX in bivalve molluscs from the Galician Rias. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:06:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bc2de0ad3084757812ed34f0720ea51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:06:59Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bc2de0ad3084757812ed34f0720ea512022-12-22T04:28:16ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972018-03-011638110.3390/md16030081md16030081Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain)Jose Manuel Leão0Antonio Lozano-Leon1Jorge Giráldez2Óscar Vilariño3Ana Gago-Martínez4Department Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainTetrodotoxins (TTX) are a potent group of natural neurotoxins putatively produced by symbiotic microorganisms and affecting the aquatic environment. These neurotoxins have been recently found in some species of bivalves and gastropods along the European Coasts (Greece, UK, and The Netherlands) linked to the presence of high concentrations of Vibrio, in particular Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study is focused on the evaluation of the presence of Vibrio species and TTX in bivalves (mussels, oysters, cockles, clams, scallops, and razor clams) from Galician Rias (northwest of Spain). The detection and isolation of the major Vibrio spp. and other enterobacterial populations have been carried out with the aim of screening for the presence of the pathways genes, poliketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) possibly involved in the biosynthesis of these toxins. Samples containing Vibrio spp. were analyzed by biochemical (API20E-galery) and genetic tests (PCR-RT). These samples were then screened for TTX toxicity by a neuroblastoma cell-based assay (N2a) and the presence of TTX was further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. TTX was detected in two infaunal samples. This is the first confirmation of the presence of TTX in bivalve molluscs from the Galician Rias.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/3/81tetrodotoxinVibrioNRPSPKSHILIC-LC-MS/MSbivalve molluscs |
| spellingShingle | Jose Manuel Leão Antonio Lozano-Leon Jorge Giráldez Óscar Vilariño Ana Gago-Martínez Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) Marine Drugs tetrodotoxin Vibrio NRPS PKS HILIC-LC-MS/MS bivalve molluscs |
| title | Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) |
| title_full | Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) |
| title_short | Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of the Occurrence of Tetrodotoxin Associated to Marine Vibrio spp. in Bivalves from the Galician Rias (Northwest of Spain) |
| title_sort | preliminary results on the evaluation of the occurrence of tetrodotoxin associated to marine vibrio spp in bivalves from the galician rias northwest of spain |
| topic | tetrodotoxin Vibrio NRPS PKS HILIC-LC-MS/MS bivalve molluscs |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/3/81 |
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