Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator
Airborne wind energy systems (AWES) are more efficient than traditional wind turbines because they can capture higher wind speeds at higher altitudes using connected kite generators. Securing a real wind turbine or a site with favorable wind conditions is not always an assured opportunity for conduc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6804 |
| _version_ | 1827722604346081280 |
|---|---|
| author | Pankaj Kumar Yashwant Kashyap Roystan Vijay Castelino Anabalagan Karthikeyan Manjunatha Sharma K. Debabrata Karmakar Panagiotis Kosmopoulos |
| author_facet | Pankaj Kumar Yashwant Kashyap Roystan Vijay Castelino Anabalagan Karthikeyan Manjunatha Sharma K. Debabrata Karmakar Panagiotis Kosmopoulos |
| author_sort | Pankaj Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Airborne wind energy systems (AWES) are more efficient than traditional wind turbines because they can capture higher wind speeds at higher altitudes using connected kite generators. Securing a real wind turbine or a site with favorable wind conditions is not always an assured opportunity for conducting research. Hence, the Research and Development of the Laboratory Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion System (LAWECS) require a better understanding of airborne wind turbine dynamics and emulation. Therefore, an airborne wind turbine emulation system was designed, implemented, simulated, and experimentally tested with ground data for the real time simulation. The speed and torque of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) connected to a kite are regulated to maximize wind energy harvesting. A field-oriented control technique is then used to control the PMSM’s torque, while a three-phase power inverter is utilized to drive the PMSM with PI controllers in a closed loop. The proposed framework was tested, and the emulated airborne wind energy conversion system results were proven experimentally for different wind speeds and generator loads. Further, the LAWECS emulator simulated a 2 kW, 20 kW, and 60 kW designed with a projected kite area of 5, 25, and 70 square meters, respectively. This system was simulated using the Matlab/Simulink software and tested with the experimental data. Furthermore, the evaluation of the proposed framework is validated using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop environment, which uses the FPGA-based OPAL-RT Simulator. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:45:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bc5d146528e4a199bf2b7a62729cbd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:45:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bc5d146528e4a199bf2b7a62729cbd82023-11-19T14:19:07ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-09-011619680410.3390/en16196804Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time SimulatorPankaj Kumar0Yashwant Kashyap1Roystan Vijay Castelino2Anabalagan Karthikeyan3Manjunatha Sharma K.4Debabrata Karmakar5Panagiotis Kosmopoulos6Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaDepartment of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, IndiaInstitute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens (IERSD/NOA), 15236 Athens, GreeceAirborne wind energy systems (AWES) are more efficient than traditional wind turbines because they can capture higher wind speeds at higher altitudes using connected kite generators. Securing a real wind turbine or a site with favorable wind conditions is not always an assured opportunity for conducting research. Hence, the Research and Development of the Laboratory Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion System (LAWECS) require a better understanding of airborne wind turbine dynamics and emulation. Therefore, an airborne wind turbine emulation system was designed, implemented, simulated, and experimentally tested with ground data for the real time simulation. The speed and torque of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) connected to a kite are regulated to maximize wind energy harvesting. A field-oriented control technique is then used to control the PMSM’s torque, while a three-phase power inverter is utilized to drive the PMSM with PI controllers in a closed loop. The proposed framework was tested, and the emulated airborne wind energy conversion system results were proven experimentally for different wind speeds and generator loads. Further, the LAWECS emulator simulated a 2 kW, 20 kW, and 60 kW designed with a projected kite area of 5, 25, and 70 square meters, respectively. This system was simulated using the Matlab/Simulink software and tested with the experimental data. Furthermore, the evaluation of the proposed framework is validated using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop environment, which uses the FPGA-based OPAL-RT Simulator.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6804airborne wind energy systememulatorLAWECSPMSMcontrollerrenewable energy |
| spellingShingle | Pankaj Kumar Yashwant Kashyap Roystan Vijay Castelino Anabalagan Karthikeyan Manjunatha Sharma K. Debabrata Karmakar Panagiotis Kosmopoulos Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator Energies airborne wind energy system emulator LAWECS PMSM controller renewable energy |
| title | Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator |
| title_full | Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator |
| title_fullStr | Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator |
| title_short | Laboratory-Scale Airborne Wind Energy Conversion Emulator Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulator |
| title_sort | laboratory scale airborne wind energy conversion emulator using opal rt real time simulator |
| topic | airborne wind energy system emulator LAWECS PMSM controller renewable energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6804 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pankajkumar laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT yashwantkashyap laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT roystanvijaycastelino laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT anabalagankarthikeyan laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT manjunathasharmak laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT debabratakarmakar laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator AT panagiotiskosmopoulos laboratoryscaleairbornewindenergyconversionemulatorusingopalrtrealtimesimulator |