Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses
The projected increase in temperature and water scarcity represents a challenge for winegrowers due to changing climatic conditions. Although heat and drought often occur concurrently in nature, there is still little known about the effects of water stress (WS) on grapevines in hot environments. Thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1819 |
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| author | Alessia Cogato Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan Lihua Wu Francesco Marinello Franco Meggio Paolo Sivilotti Marco Sozzi Vinay Pagay |
| author_facet | Alessia Cogato Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan Lihua Wu Francesco Marinello Franco Meggio Paolo Sivilotti Marco Sozzi Vinay Pagay |
| author_sort | Alessia Cogato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The projected increase in temperature and water scarcity represents a challenge for winegrowers due to changing climatic conditions. Although heat and drought often occur concurrently in nature, there is still little known about the effects of water stress (WS) on grapevines in hot environments. This study aimed to assess whether the grapevine’s physiological and spectral responses to WS in hot environments differ from those expected under lower temperatures. Therefore, we propose an integrated approach to assess the physiological, thermal, and spectral response of two grapevine varieties (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.), Grenache and Shiraz, to WS in a hot environment. In a controlled environment room (CER), we imposed high-temperature conditions (T<sub>MIN</sub> 30 °C–T<sub>MAX</sub> 40 °C) and compared the performance of well-watered (WW) and WS-ed potted own-rooted Shiraz and Grenache grapevines (SH_WW, SH_WS, GR_WW, and GR_WS, respectively). We monitored the vines’ physiological, spectral, and thermal trends from the stress imposition to the recovery after re-watering. Then, we performed a correlation analysis between the physiological parameters and the spectral and thermal vegetation indices (VIs). Finally, we looked for the best-fitting models to predict the physiological parameters based on the spectral VIs. The results showed that GR_WS was more negatively impacted than SH_WS in terms of net photosynthesis (<i>P<sub>n</sub></i>, GR-WS = 1.14 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 3.64 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>), leaf transpiration rate (<i>E</i>, GR-WS = 1.02 mmol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 1.75 mmol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>), and stomatal conductance (<i>g<sub>s</sub></i>, GR-WS = 0.04 mol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 0.11 mol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>). The intrinsic water-use efficiency <i>(WUE<sub>i</sub> = P<sub>n</sub>/g<sub>s</sub>)</i> of GR_WS (26.04 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) was lower than SH_WS (34.23 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) and comparable to that of SH_WW (26.31 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O). SH_WS was not unaffected by water stress except for <i>E.</i> After stress, <i>P<sub>n</sub></i>, <i>g<sub>s</sub>,</i> and <i>E</i> of GR_WS did not recover, as they were significantly lower than the other treatments. The correlation analysis showed that the anthocyanin Gitelson (Ant<sub>Gitelson</sub>) and the green normalised difference vegetation index (GNDVI) had significant negative correlations with stem water potential (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Ψ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><b><i><sub>stem</sub></i></b><i>), P<sub>n</sub></i>, <i>g<sub>s</sub></i>, and <i>E</i> and positive correlation with <i>WUE<sub>i</sub></i>. In contrast, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), the water index (WI), and the normalised difference infrared index (NDII) showed an opposite trend. Finally, the crop water stress (CWSI) had significant negative correlations with the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Ψ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><b><i><sub>stem</sub></i></b> in both varieties. Our findings help unravel the behaviour of vines under WS in hot environments and suggest instrumental approaches to help the winegrowers managing abiotic stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bc8ab3171da4bd7b4d3e6241a0e5bb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bc8ab3171da4bd7b4d3e6241a0e5bb12023-12-01T23:17:49ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-07-01128181910.3390/agronomy12081819Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral ResponsesAlessia Cogato0Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan1Lihua Wu2Francesco Marinello3Franco Meggio4Paolo Sivilotti5Marco Sozzi6Vinay Pagay7Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyWaite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaWaite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaDepartment of Land, Environmental, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Land, Environmental, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyWaite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaThe projected increase in temperature and water scarcity represents a challenge for winegrowers due to changing climatic conditions. Although heat and drought often occur concurrently in nature, there is still little known about the effects of water stress (WS) on grapevines in hot environments. This study aimed to assess whether the grapevine’s physiological and spectral responses to WS in hot environments differ from those expected under lower temperatures. Therefore, we propose an integrated approach to assess the physiological, thermal, and spectral response of two grapevine varieties (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.), Grenache and Shiraz, to WS in a hot environment. In a controlled environment room (CER), we imposed high-temperature conditions (T<sub>MIN</sub> 30 °C–T<sub>MAX</sub> 40 °C) and compared the performance of well-watered (WW) and WS-ed potted own-rooted Shiraz and Grenache grapevines (SH_WW, SH_WS, GR_WW, and GR_WS, respectively). We monitored the vines’ physiological, spectral, and thermal trends from the stress imposition to the recovery after re-watering. Then, we performed a correlation analysis between the physiological parameters and the spectral and thermal vegetation indices (VIs). Finally, we looked for the best-fitting models to predict the physiological parameters based on the spectral VIs. The results showed that GR_WS was more negatively impacted than SH_WS in terms of net photosynthesis (<i>P<sub>n</sub></i>, GR-WS = 1.14 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 3.64 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>), leaf transpiration rate (<i>E</i>, GR-WS = 1.02 mmol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 1.75 mmol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>), and stomatal conductance (<i>g<sub>s</sub></i>, GR-WS = 0.04 mol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>; SH-WS = 0.11 mol·H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>). The intrinsic water-use efficiency <i>(WUE<sub>i</sub> = P<sub>n</sub>/g<sub>s</sub>)</i> of GR_WS (26.04 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) was lower than SH_WS (34.23 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O) and comparable to that of SH_WW (26.31 μmol·CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O). SH_WS was not unaffected by water stress except for <i>E.</i> After stress, <i>P<sub>n</sub></i>, <i>g<sub>s</sub>,</i> and <i>E</i> of GR_WS did not recover, as they were significantly lower than the other treatments. The correlation analysis showed that the anthocyanin Gitelson (Ant<sub>Gitelson</sub>) and the green normalised difference vegetation index (GNDVI) had significant negative correlations with stem water potential (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Ψ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><b><i><sub>stem</sub></i></b><i>), P<sub>n</sub></i>, <i>g<sub>s</sub></i>, and <i>E</i> and positive correlation with <i>WUE<sub>i</sub></i>. In contrast, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), the water index (WI), and the normalised difference infrared index (NDII) showed an opposite trend. Finally, the crop water stress (CWSI) had significant negative correlations with the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>Ψ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><b><i><sub>stem</sub></i></b> in both varieties. Our findings help unravel the behaviour of vines under WS in hot environments and suggest instrumental approaches to help the winegrowers managing abiotic stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1819water stresshyperspectral analysisclimate changevegetation indicesgrapevine physiologyhot environment |
| spellingShingle | Alessia Cogato Shaikh Yassir Yousouf Jewan Lihua Wu Francesco Marinello Franco Meggio Paolo Sivilotti Marco Sozzi Vinay Pagay Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses Agronomy water stress hyperspectral analysis climate change vegetation indices grapevine physiology hot environment |
| title | Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses |
| title_full | Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses |
| title_fullStr | Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses |
| title_short | Water Stress Impacts on Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in Hot Environments: Physiological and Spectral Responses |
| title_sort | water stress impacts on grapevines i vitis vinifera i l in hot environments physiological and spectral responses |
| topic | water stress hyperspectral analysis climate change vegetation indices grapevine physiology hot environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1819 |
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