Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations
This work proposes a methodological approach applied to ephemeral gravel-bed streams to verify the change in the magnitude and frequency of hydrological events affecting the morphological dynamics and sediment budget in this type of channel. For the case study, the Azohía Rambla, located in southeas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/15/2697 |
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| author | Carmelo Conesa-García Alberto Martínez-Salvador Carlos Puig-Mengual Francisco Martínez-Capel Pedro Pérez-Cutillas |
| author_facet | Carmelo Conesa-García Alberto Martínez-Salvador Carlos Puig-Mengual Francisco Martínez-Capel Pedro Pérez-Cutillas |
| author_sort | Carmelo Conesa-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work proposes a methodological approach applied to ephemeral gravel-bed streams to verify the change in the magnitude and frequency of hydrological events affecting the morphological dynamics and sediment budget in this type of channel. For the case study, the Azohía Rambla, located in southeastern Spain, was chosen, emphasizing the research on two reference riverbed sections (RCRs): an upper one, with a predominance of erosion, and a middle one, where processes of incision, transport, and deposition were involved. First, this approach focuses on relationships between peak discharges and sediment budgets during the period 2018–2022. For this purpose, water level measurements from pressure sensors, a One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic model, and findings from comparative analyses of high-resolution differential digital elevation models (HRDEM of Difference-HRDoD) based on SfM-MVS and LiDAR datasets were used. In a second phase, the GeoWEPP model was applied to the period 1996–2022 in order to simulate runoff and sediment yield at the event scale for the watersheds draining into both RCRs. During the calibration phase, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to detect the most influential parameters in the model and confirm its capacity to simulate peak flow and sediment delivery in the area described above. Values of NS (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) and PBIAS (percent bias) equal to 0.86 and 7.81%, respectively, were found in the calibration period, while these indices were 0.81 and −4.1% in the validation period. Finally, different event class patterns (ECPs) were established for the monitoring period (2018–2022), according to flow stage and morphological channel adjustments (overtopping, bankfull and sub-bankfull, and half-sub-bankfull), and then retrospectively extrapolated to stages of the prior simulated period (1996–2018) from their typical sequences (PECPs). The results revealed a significant increase in the number of events and PECPs leading to lower bed incision rates and higher vertical accretion, which denotes a progressive increase in bed armoring and bank erosion processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:14:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bcd8da0a64a4109a20458e88e3a52e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:14:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bcd8da0a64a4109a20458e88e3a52e12023-11-18T23:46:32ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-07-011515269710.3390/w15152697Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power VariationsCarmelo Conesa-García0Alberto Martínez-Salvador1Carlos Puig-Mengual2Francisco Martínez-Capel3Pedro Pérez-Cutillas4Department of Geography, Campus de la Merced, University of Murcia, C/Santo Cristo, 1, 30001 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Geography, Campus de la Merced, University of Murcia, C/Santo Cristo, 1, 30001 Murcia, SpainInstitut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46730 Gandía, SpainInstitut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46730 Gandía, SpainDepartment of Geography, Campus de la Merced, University of Murcia, C/Santo Cristo, 1, 30001 Murcia, SpainThis work proposes a methodological approach applied to ephemeral gravel-bed streams to verify the change in the magnitude and frequency of hydrological events affecting the morphological dynamics and sediment budget in this type of channel. For the case study, the Azohía Rambla, located in southeastern Spain, was chosen, emphasizing the research on two reference riverbed sections (RCRs): an upper one, with a predominance of erosion, and a middle one, where processes of incision, transport, and deposition were involved. First, this approach focuses on relationships between peak discharges and sediment budgets during the period 2018–2022. For this purpose, water level measurements from pressure sensors, a One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic model, and findings from comparative analyses of high-resolution differential digital elevation models (HRDEM of Difference-HRDoD) based on SfM-MVS and LiDAR datasets were used. In a second phase, the GeoWEPP model was applied to the period 1996–2022 in order to simulate runoff and sediment yield at the event scale for the watersheds draining into both RCRs. During the calibration phase, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to detect the most influential parameters in the model and confirm its capacity to simulate peak flow and sediment delivery in the area described above. Values of NS (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) and PBIAS (percent bias) equal to 0.86 and 7.81%, respectively, were found in the calibration period, while these indices were 0.81 and −4.1% in the validation period. Finally, different event class patterns (ECPs) were established for the monitoring period (2018–2022), according to flow stage and morphological channel adjustments (overtopping, bankfull and sub-bankfull, and half-sub-bankfull), and then retrospectively extrapolated to stages of the prior simulated period (1996–2018) from their typical sequences (PECPs). The results revealed a significant increase in the number of events and PECPs leading to lower bed incision rates and higher vertical accretion, which denotes a progressive increase in bed armoring and bank erosion processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/15/2697retrospective simulationephemeral streamssediment budgetSfM-MVSsediment yieldevent class pattern |
| spellingShingle | Carmelo Conesa-García Alberto Martínez-Salvador Carlos Puig-Mengual Francisco Martínez-Capel Pedro Pérez-Cutillas Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations Water retrospective simulation ephemeral streams sediment budget SfM-MVS sediment yield event class pattern |
| title | Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations |
| title_full | Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations |
| title_short | Simulation of Retrospective Morphological Channel Adjustments Using High-Resolution Differential Digital Elevation Models versus Predicted Sediment Delivery and Stream Power Variations |
| title_sort | simulation of retrospective morphological channel adjustments using high resolution differential digital elevation models versus predicted sediment delivery and stream power variations |
| topic | retrospective simulation ephemeral streams sediment budget SfM-MVS sediment yield event class pattern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/15/2697 |
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