Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode
To realize simple and intelligent electrochemical ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) detection in water, highly dense colloidal copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared and subsequently deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The CuNPs/GCE was then placed in an oven at 60 °C to intellige...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9637/6/4/29 |
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| author | Samia A. Kosa Amna N. Khan Basma Al-Johani L. A. Taib M. Aslam Wafa A. Bawazir A. Hameed M. Tahir Soomro |
| author_facet | Samia A. Kosa Amna N. Khan Basma Al-Johani L. A. Taib M. Aslam Wafa A. Bawazir A. Hameed M. Tahir Soomro |
| author_sort | Samia A. Kosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To realize simple and intelligent electrochemical ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) detection in water, highly dense colloidal copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared and subsequently deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The CuNPs/GCE was then placed in an oven at 60 °C to intelligently transform CuNPs into cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) thin film. The colloidal CuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, whereas the fabricated Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE showed the crystalline nature of the thermally converted Cu<sub>2</sub>O thin film, whereas XPS demonstrated that the thin film formed on the surface of GCE was primarily composed of Cu<sub>2</sub>O. The SEM images of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE revealed Cu<sub>2</sub>O crystals with hexapod morphology. The EIS study exhibited substantially higher charger transfer activity of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE compared to bare GCE. The drop coating of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) solution onto Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE enabled the fabricated electrode to be utilized as an electrochemical sensor for NH<sub>3</sub> detection in water. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) behavior of NH<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE was investigated in 0.1 M pH 7 phosphate buffer, which led to the formation of a copper-ammonia complex and revealed the nobility of the fabricated electrode. The square wave voltammetric (SWV) response was linear over the 10 µM and 1000 µM ranges with a detection limit of 6.23 µM and good reproducibility. The NH<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE displayed high selectivity for the detection of NH<sub>3</sub> in the presence of various coexisting cations and anions in 0.1 M pH 7 phosphate buffer. The recovery of NH<sub>3</sub> in the drinking water sample varied from 98.2% to 99.1%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:20:40Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:20:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0bd7886f9f784fc4a1217aeed876b6132023-12-22T14:43:26ZengMDPI AGSurfaces2571-96372023-11-016443044910.3390/surfaces6040029Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film ElectrodeSamia A. Kosa0Amna N. Khan1Basma Al-Johani2L. A. Taib3M. Aslam4Wafa A. Bawazir5A. Hameed6M. Tahir Soomro7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCentre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCentre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCentre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaTo realize simple and intelligent electrochemical ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) detection in water, highly dense colloidal copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared and subsequently deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The CuNPs/GCE was then placed in an oven at 60 °C to intelligently transform CuNPs into cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) thin film. The colloidal CuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, whereas the fabricated Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE showed the crystalline nature of the thermally converted Cu<sub>2</sub>O thin film, whereas XPS demonstrated that the thin film formed on the surface of GCE was primarily composed of Cu<sub>2</sub>O. The SEM images of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE revealed Cu<sub>2</sub>O crystals with hexapod morphology. The EIS study exhibited substantially higher charger transfer activity of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE compared to bare GCE. The drop coating of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) solution onto Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE enabled the fabricated electrode to be utilized as an electrochemical sensor for NH<sub>3</sub> detection in water. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) behavior of NH<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE was investigated in 0.1 M pH 7 phosphate buffer, which led to the formation of a copper-ammonia complex and revealed the nobility of the fabricated electrode. The square wave voltammetric (SWV) response was linear over the 10 µM and 1000 µM ranges with a detection limit of 6.23 µM and good reproducibility. The NH<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/GCE displayed high selectivity for the detection of NH<sub>3</sub> in the presence of various coexisting cations and anions in 0.1 M pH 7 phosphate buffer. The recovery of NH<sub>3</sub> in the drinking water sample varied from 98.2% to 99.1%.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9637/6/4/29cuprous oxidethin filmammoniacomplexelectrochemical detection |
| spellingShingle | Samia A. Kosa Amna N. Khan Basma Al-Johani L. A. Taib M. Aslam Wafa A. Bawazir A. Hameed M. Tahir Soomro Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode Surfaces cuprous oxide thin film ammonia complex electrochemical detection |
| title | Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode |
| title_full | Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode |
| title_fullStr | Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode |
| title_short | Simple and Intelligent Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia over Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Electrode |
| title_sort | simple and intelligent electrochemical detection of ammonia over cuprous oxide thin film electrode |
| topic | cuprous oxide thin film ammonia complex electrochemical detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9637/6/4/29 |
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