Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers
Rapid point of care tests for bacterial infection diagnosis are of great importance to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have successfully combined a new class of non-biological binder molecules with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1872 |
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| author | Holger Schulze Harry Wilson Ines Cara Steven Carter Edward N. Dyson Ravikrishnan Elangovan Stephen Rimmer Till T. Bachmann |
| author_facet | Holger Schulze Harry Wilson Ines Cara Steven Carter Edward N. Dyson Ravikrishnan Elangovan Stephen Rimmer Till T. Bachmann |
| author_sort | Holger Schulze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid point of care tests for bacterial infection diagnosis are of great importance to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have successfully combined a new class of non-biological binder molecules with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensor detection for direct, label-free detection of Gram-positive bacteria making use of the specific coil-to-globule conformation change of the vancomycin-modified highly branched polymers immobilized on the surface of gold screen-printed electrodes upon binding to Gram-positive bacteria. <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> was detected after just 20 min incubation of the sample solution with the polymer-functionalized electrodes. The polymer conformation change was quantified with two simple 1 min EIS tests before and after incubation with the sample. Tests revealed a concentration dependent signal change within an OD<sub>600</sub> range of <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> from 0.002 to 0.1 and a clear discrimination between Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> and Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria. This exhibits a clear advancement in terms of simplified test complexity compared to existing bacteria detection tests. In addition, the polymer-functionalized electrodes showed good storage and operational stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:02:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0be10c10c9174af580e026697b44d732 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:02:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0be10c10c9174af580e026697b44d7322023-12-03T12:57:53ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-03-01215187210.3390/s21051872Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched PolymersHolger Schulze0Harry Wilson1Ines Cara2Steven Carter3Edward N. Dyson4Ravikrishnan Elangovan5Stephen Rimmer6Till T. Bachmann7Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UKInfection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UKInfection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UKPolymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKPolymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKDepartment of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, IndiaPolymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKInfection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UKRapid point of care tests for bacterial infection diagnosis are of great importance to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have successfully combined a new class of non-biological binder molecules with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensor detection for direct, label-free detection of Gram-positive bacteria making use of the specific coil-to-globule conformation change of the vancomycin-modified highly branched polymers immobilized on the surface of gold screen-printed electrodes upon binding to Gram-positive bacteria. <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> was detected after just 20 min incubation of the sample solution with the polymer-functionalized electrodes. The polymer conformation change was quantified with two simple 1 min EIS tests before and after incubation with the sample. Tests revealed a concentration dependent signal change within an OD<sub>600</sub> range of <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> from 0.002 to 0.1 and a clear discrimination between Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus carnosus</i> and Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria. This exhibits a clear advancement in terms of simplified test complexity compared to existing bacteria detection tests. In addition, the polymer-functionalized electrodes showed good storage and operational stability.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1872electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)highly branched polymersbacteria pathogen detectionlabel-freepoint of care diagnosticsAMR |
| spellingShingle | Holger Schulze Harry Wilson Ines Cara Steven Carter Edward N. Dyson Ravikrishnan Elangovan Stephen Rimmer Till T. Bachmann Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers Sensors electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) highly branched polymers bacteria pathogen detection label-free point of care diagnostics AMR |
| title | Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers |
| title_full | Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers |
| title_fullStr | Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers |
| title_short | Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers |
| title_sort | label free electrochemical sensor for rapid bacterial pathogen detection using vancomycin modified highly branched polymers |
| topic | electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) highly branched polymers bacteria pathogen detection label-free point of care diagnostics AMR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1872 |
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