Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study
Abstract Background The consequence of the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–1985) on mortality had been well documented. However, the long term assaults of the famine on adulthood health, particularly on the risk of hypertension, has never been documented. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01815-w |
| _version_ | 1818469584742645760 |
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| author | Kalkidan Hassen Abate Getachew Arage Habtamu Hassen Jemal Abafita Tefera Belachew |
| author_facet | Kalkidan Hassen Abate Getachew Arage Habtamu Hassen Jemal Abafita Tefera Belachew |
| author_sort | Kalkidan Hassen Abate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The consequence of the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–1985) on mortality had been well documented. However, the long term assaults of the famine on adulthood health, particularly on the risk of hypertension, has never been documented. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine the association of prenatal-exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine and hypertension in adulthood and investigate if there existed sex difference in the risk estimate. Methods Participants were recruited using multistage stratified random sampling and grouped as prenatal famine exposed and non-exposed cohorts based on their reported date of birth and current age. Independent sample T test was employed to compare continuous outcomes between the groups. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between prenatal famine exposure and risk of hypertension in adults. Results Compared to the non-exposed groups, prenatal famine exposed cohorts had higher systolic blood pressure by 1.05 mmHg, (95% CI 0.29, 4.42) and diastolic by 2.47 mmHg (95% CI 1.01, 3.95). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, both unadjusted (COR = 2.50; 1.575, 3.989) and adjusted model for covariates (OR: 2.306 95% CI (1.426, 3.72) indicated a positive association between prenatal famine exposure and the risk of adult hypertension. However, in sex disaggregated analysis, the positive association was only significant in females (AOR = 3.95 95% CI 1.76, 8.85) indicating nearly four folds of odds of hypertension among females, while the corresponding figure for males was not significant (AOR = 1.201 (0.69, 2.07). Conclusions Famine exposure during prenatal period could have differential impact on the development of hypertension based on sex, where adult exposed females had higher risk of hypertension as compared to males. Contextualized primary prevention programs with special focus on gender is critical undertaking in hunger spots and regions with historical famine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:25:35Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:25:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bef22aea6a14dbc8b7137843fcbe8aa2022-12-22T02:29:19ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742022-06-012211710.1186/s12905-022-01815-wDifferential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort studyKalkidan Hassen Abate0Getachew Arage1Habtamu Hassen2Jemal Abafita3Tefera Belachew4Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, DebreTabor UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Hosanna College of Health ScienceCollege of Business and Economics, Jimma UniversityFood and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma UniversityAbstract Background The consequence of the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–1985) on mortality had been well documented. However, the long term assaults of the famine on adulthood health, particularly on the risk of hypertension, has never been documented. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine the association of prenatal-exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine and hypertension in adulthood and investigate if there existed sex difference in the risk estimate. Methods Participants were recruited using multistage stratified random sampling and grouped as prenatal famine exposed and non-exposed cohorts based on their reported date of birth and current age. Independent sample T test was employed to compare continuous outcomes between the groups. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between prenatal famine exposure and risk of hypertension in adults. Results Compared to the non-exposed groups, prenatal famine exposed cohorts had higher systolic blood pressure by 1.05 mmHg, (95% CI 0.29, 4.42) and diastolic by 2.47 mmHg (95% CI 1.01, 3.95). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, both unadjusted (COR = 2.50; 1.575, 3.989) and adjusted model for covariates (OR: 2.306 95% CI (1.426, 3.72) indicated a positive association between prenatal famine exposure and the risk of adult hypertension. However, in sex disaggregated analysis, the positive association was only significant in females (AOR = 3.95 95% CI 1.76, 8.85) indicating nearly four folds of odds of hypertension among females, while the corresponding figure for males was not significant (AOR = 1.201 (0.69, 2.07). Conclusions Famine exposure during prenatal period could have differential impact on the development of hypertension based on sex, where adult exposed females had higher risk of hypertension as compared to males. Contextualized primary prevention programs with special focus on gender is critical undertaking in hunger spots and regions with historical famine.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01815-wEthiopian famineHypertensionPrenatal-exposureSex difference |
| spellingShingle | Kalkidan Hassen Abate Getachew Arage Habtamu Hassen Jemal Abafita Tefera Belachew Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study BMC Women's Health Ethiopian famine Hypertension Prenatal-exposure Sex difference |
| title | Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study |
| title_full | Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study |
| title_short | Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study |
| title_sort | differential effect of prenatal exposure to the great ethiopian famine 1983 85 on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex a historical cohort study |
| topic | Ethiopian famine Hypertension Prenatal-exposure Sex difference |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01815-w |
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