Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue
In vivo, articular cartilage tissue is surrounded by a cartilage membrane, and hydrostatic pressure (HP) and compressive strain increase simultaneously with the compressive stress. However, it has been impossible to investigate the effects of simultaneous loading in vitro. In this study, a bioreacto...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1632 |
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| author | Minki Chang Yosuke Takahashi Kyosuke Miyahira Yuma Omuro Kevin Montagne Ryusei Yamada Junki Gondo Yu Kambe Masashi Yasuno Noriyasu Masumoto Takashi Ushida Katsuko S. Furukawa |
| author_facet | Minki Chang Yosuke Takahashi Kyosuke Miyahira Yuma Omuro Kevin Montagne Ryusei Yamada Junki Gondo Yu Kambe Masashi Yasuno Noriyasu Masumoto Takashi Ushida Katsuko S. Furukawa |
| author_sort | Minki Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In vivo, articular cartilage tissue is surrounded by a cartilage membrane, and hydrostatic pressure (HP) and compressive strain increase simultaneously with the compressive stress. However, it has been impossible to investigate the effects of simultaneous loading in vitro. In this study, a bioreactor capable of applying compressive stress under HP was developed to reproduce ex vivo the same physical loading environment found in cartilage. First, a HP stimulation unit was constructed to apply a cyclic HP pressure-resistant chamber by controlling a pump and valve. A compression-loading mechanism that can apply compressive stress using an electromagnetic force was implemented in the chamber. The synchronization between the compression and HP units was evaluated, and the stimulation parameters were quantitatively evaluated. Physiological HP and compressive strain were applied to the chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate and gelatin gels after applying high HP at 25 MPa, which induced damage to the chondrocytes. It was found that compressive stimulation increased the expression of genes related to osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of compressive strain and HP, which is similar to the physiological environment in cartilage, had an inhibitory effect on the expression of genes related to osteoarthritis. HP alone also suppressed the expression of osteoarthritis-related genes. Therefore, the simultaneous hydrostatic and compressive stress-loading device developed to simulate the mechanical environment in vivo may be an important tool for elucidating the mechanisms of disease onset and homeostasis in cartilage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0bf2719503fb4fb0a8e57a44edb098f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0bf2719503fb4fb0a8e57a44edb098f42023-11-19T02:14:48ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-08-01148163210.3390/mi14081632Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage TissueMinki Chang0Yosuke Takahashi1Kyosuke Miyahira2Yuma Omuro3Kevin Montagne4Ryusei Yamada5Junki Gondo6Yu Kambe7Masashi Yasuno8Noriyasu Masumoto9Takashi Ushida10Katsuko S. Furukawa11Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama 345-8501, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama 345-8501, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, JapanIn vivo, articular cartilage tissue is surrounded by a cartilage membrane, and hydrostatic pressure (HP) and compressive strain increase simultaneously with the compressive stress. However, it has been impossible to investigate the effects of simultaneous loading in vitro. In this study, a bioreactor capable of applying compressive stress under HP was developed to reproduce ex vivo the same physical loading environment found in cartilage. First, a HP stimulation unit was constructed to apply a cyclic HP pressure-resistant chamber by controlling a pump and valve. A compression-loading mechanism that can apply compressive stress using an electromagnetic force was implemented in the chamber. The synchronization between the compression and HP units was evaluated, and the stimulation parameters were quantitatively evaluated. Physiological HP and compressive strain were applied to the chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate and gelatin gels after applying high HP at 25 MPa, which induced damage to the chondrocytes. It was found that compressive stimulation increased the expression of genes related to osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of compressive strain and HP, which is similar to the physiological environment in cartilage, had an inhibitory effect on the expression of genes related to osteoarthritis. HP alone also suppressed the expression of osteoarthritis-related genes. Therefore, the simultaneous hydrostatic and compressive stress-loading device developed to simulate the mechanical environment in vivo may be an important tool for elucidating the mechanisms of disease onset and homeostasis in cartilage.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1632articular cartilagemechanical stimulationbioreactor |
| spellingShingle | Minki Chang Yosuke Takahashi Kyosuke Miyahira Yuma Omuro Kevin Montagne Ryusei Yamada Junki Gondo Yu Kambe Masashi Yasuno Noriyasu Masumoto Takashi Ushida Katsuko S. Furukawa Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue Micromachines articular cartilage mechanical stimulation bioreactor |
| title | Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue |
| title_full | Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue |
| title_short | Simultaneous Hydrostatic and Compressive Loading System for Mimicking the Mechanical Environment of Living Cartilage Tissue |
| title_sort | simultaneous hydrostatic and compressive loading system for mimicking the mechanical environment of living cartilage tissue |
| topic | articular cartilage mechanical stimulation bioreactor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1632 |
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