Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set
<p>Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait plays an important role in the Arctic freshwater and energy redistribution. The combined model and satellite sea ice thickness (CMST) data set assimilates CryoSat-2 and soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) thickness products together with sat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-12-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://www.the-cryosphere.net/13/3209/2019/tc-13-3209-2019.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait plays an
important role in the Arctic freshwater and energy redistribution. The
combined model and satellite sea ice thickness (CMST) data set assimilates
CryoSat-2 and soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) thickness products
together with satellite sea ice concentration. The CMST data set closes the
gap of stand-alone satellite-derived sea ice thickness in summer and
therefore allows us to estimate sea ice volume export during the melt
season. In this study, we first validate the CMST data set using field
observations, and then we estimate the continuous seasonal and interannual
variations in Arctic sea ice volume flux through the Fram Strait from
September 2010 to December 2016. The results show that seasonal and
interannual sea ice volume export vary from about <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">240</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">40</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8fd5890aca282cd2c3e0ae02f347dbd7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> to <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">60</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1a75789910525d24bc82158d5be2ef0d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">290</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="81478d387d05986fae2eb57cf970b3a6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> to <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2490</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">280</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="4bc0aa49e9bdb02498b00a817caa3f8c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span>, respectively. The sea ice volume export reaches its maximum in
spring and about one-third of the yearly total volume export occurs in the
melt season. The minimum monthly sea ice export is <span class="inline-formula">−11</span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> in August
2015, and the maximum (<span class="inline-formula">−442</span> km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup>)</span> appears in March 2011. The seasonal
relative frequencies of sea ice thickness and drift suggest that the Fram
Strait outlet in summer is dominated by sea ice that is thicker than 2 m
with relatively slow seasonal mean drift of about 3 km d<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1994-0416 1994-0424 |