Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in particular, the interferon response form the important first line of defence against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/961 |
| _version_ | 1818409214538678272 |
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| author | Tessa Nelemans Marjolein Kikkert |
| author_facet | Tessa Nelemans Marjolein Kikkert |
| author_sort | Tessa Nelemans |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in particular, the interferon response form the important first line of defence against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, these viruses have therefore developed multiple strategies to evade the innate immune response in order to optimize their replication capacity. Already many molecular mechanisms of innate immune evasion by +ssRNA viruses have been identified. However, research addressing the effect of host innate immune evasion on the pathology caused by viral infections is less prevalent in the literature, though very relevant and interesting. Since interferons have been implicated in inflammatory diseases and immunopathology in addition to their protective role in infection, antagonizing the immune response may have an ambiguous effect on the clinical outcome of the viral disease. Therefore, this review discusses what is currently known about the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of emerging coronaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:56:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c05019134954110830ea46f3c1546f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:56:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c05019134954110830ea46f3c1546f72022-12-21T23:07:22ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-10-01111096110.3390/v11100961v11100961Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus InfectionsTessa Nelemans0Marjolein Kikkert1Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The NetherlandsPositive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in particular, the interferon response form the important first line of defence against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, these viruses have therefore developed multiple strategies to evade the innate immune response in order to optimize their replication capacity. Already many molecular mechanisms of innate immune evasion by +ssRNA viruses have been identified. However, research addressing the effect of host innate immune evasion on the pathology caused by viral infections is less prevalent in the literature, though very relevant and interesting. Since interferons have been implicated in inflammatory diseases and immunopathology in addition to their protective role in infection, antagonizing the immune response may have an ambiguous effect on the clinical outcome of the viral disease. Therefore, this review discusses what is currently known about the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of emerging coronaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/961positive-sense single-stranded rna virusesinnate immune evasiontype i and iii interferonsviral pathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Tessa Nelemans Marjolein Kikkert Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections Viruses positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses innate immune evasion type i and iii interferons viral pathogenesis |
| title | Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections |
| title_full | Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections |
| title_fullStr | Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections |
| title_short | Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections |
| title_sort | viral innate immune evasion and the pathogenesis of emerging rna virus infections |
| topic | positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses innate immune evasion type i and iii interferons viral pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/961 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tessanelemans viralinnateimmuneevasionandthepathogenesisofemergingrnavirusinfections AT marjoleinkikkert viralinnateimmuneevasionandthepathogenesisofemergingrnavirusinfections |