Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination
Wastewater effluents containing high concentrations of dyes are highly toxic to the environment and aquatic organisms. Recycle and reuse of both water and dye in textile industries can save energy and costs. Thus, new materials are being explored to fabricate highly efficient nanofiltration membrane...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/333 |
| _version_ | 1797445112761942016 |
|---|---|
| author | Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang Yi-Ling Wu Min-Yi Chu Ping-Han Wu Yu-Hsuan Chiao Jeremiah C. Millare Shu-Hsien Huang Hui-An Tsai Kueir-Rarn Lee |
| author_facet | Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang Yi-Ling Wu Min-Yi Chu Ping-Han Wu Yu-Hsuan Chiao Jeremiah C. Millare Shu-Hsien Huang Hui-An Tsai Kueir-Rarn Lee |
| author_sort | Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater effluents containing high concentrations of dyes are highly toxic to the environment and aquatic organisms. Recycle and reuse of both water and dye in textile industries can save energy and costs. Thus, new materials are being explored to fabricate highly efficient nanofiltration membranes for fulfilling industrial needs. In this work, three diamines, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHD), ethylenediamine (EDA), and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), are reacted with TMC separately to fabricate a thin film composite polyamide membrane for dye desalination. Their chemical structures are different, with the difference located in the middle of two terminal amines. The surface morphology, roughness, and thickness of the polyamide layer are dependent on the reactivity of the diamines with TMC. EDA has a short linear alkane chain, which can easily react with TMC, forming a very dense selective layer. CHD has a cyclohexane ring, making it more sterically hindered than EDA. As such, CHD’s reaction with TMC is slower than EDA’s, leading to a thinner polyamide layer. PPD has a benzene ring, which should make it the most sterically hindered structure; however, its benzene ring has a pi-pi interaction with TMC that can facilitate a faster reaction between PPD and TMC, leading to a thicker polyamide layer. Among the TFC membranes, TFC<sub>CHD</sub> exhibited the highest separation efficiency (pure water flux = 192.13 ± 7.11 L∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙h<sup>−1</sup>, dye rejection = 99.92 ± 0.10%, and NaCl rejection = 15.46 ± 1.68% at 6 bar and 1000 ppm salt or 50 ppm of dye solution). After exposure at 12,000 ppm∙h of active chlorine, the flux of TFC<sub>CHD</sub> was enhanced with maintained high dye rejection. Therefore, the TFC<sub>CHD</sub> membrane has a potential application for dye desalination process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:21:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c061294ce3b4ad2ad7e5cf83b8d97c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:21:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c061294ce3b4ad2ad7e5cf83b8d97c22023-11-30T21:28:59ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-03-0112333310.3390/membranes12030333Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye DesalinationMicah Belle Marie Yap Ang0Yi-Ling Wu1Min-Yi Chu2Ping-Han Wu3Yu-Hsuan Chiao4Jeremiah C. Millare5Shu-Hsien Huang6Hui-An Tsai7Kueir-Rarn Lee8R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanSchool of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, PhilippinesR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanR&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, TaiwanWastewater effluents containing high concentrations of dyes are highly toxic to the environment and aquatic organisms. Recycle and reuse of both water and dye in textile industries can save energy and costs. Thus, new materials are being explored to fabricate highly efficient nanofiltration membranes for fulfilling industrial needs. In this work, three diamines, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHD), ethylenediamine (EDA), and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), are reacted with TMC separately to fabricate a thin film composite polyamide membrane for dye desalination. Their chemical structures are different, with the difference located in the middle of two terminal amines. The surface morphology, roughness, and thickness of the polyamide layer are dependent on the reactivity of the diamines with TMC. EDA has a short linear alkane chain, which can easily react with TMC, forming a very dense selective layer. CHD has a cyclohexane ring, making it more sterically hindered than EDA. As such, CHD’s reaction with TMC is slower than EDA’s, leading to a thinner polyamide layer. PPD has a benzene ring, which should make it the most sterically hindered structure; however, its benzene ring has a pi-pi interaction with TMC that can facilitate a faster reaction between PPD and TMC, leading to a thicker polyamide layer. Among the TFC membranes, TFC<sub>CHD</sub> exhibited the highest separation efficiency (pure water flux = 192.13 ± 7.11 L∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙h<sup>−1</sup>, dye rejection = 99.92 ± 0.10%, and NaCl rejection = 15.46 ± 1.68% at 6 bar and 1000 ppm salt or 50 ppm of dye solution). After exposure at 12,000 ppm∙h of active chlorine, the flux of TFC<sub>CHD</sub> was enhanced with maintained high dye rejection. Therefore, the TFC<sub>CHD</sub> membrane has a potential application for dye desalination process.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/333cycloalkane aminedye desalinationchlorine-resistant membranenanofiltrationpolyamide membrane |
| spellingShingle | Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang Yi-Ling Wu Min-Yi Chu Ping-Han Wu Yu-Hsuan Chiao Jeremiah C. Millare Shu-Hsien Huang Hui-An Tsai Kueir-Rarn Lee Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination Membranes cycloalkane amine dye desalination chlorine-resistant membrane nanofiltration polyamide membrane |
| title | Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination |
| title_full | Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination |
| title_fullStr | Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination |
| title_short | Nanofiltration Membranes Formed through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Cycloalkane Amine Monomer and Trimesoyl Chloride Showing Some Tolerance to Chlorine during Dye Desalination |
| title_sort | nanofiltration membranes formed through interfacial polymerization involving cycloalkane amine monomer and trimesoyl chloride showing some tolerance to chlorine during dye desalination |
| topic | cycloalkane amine dye desalination chlorine-resistant membrane nanofiltration polyamide membrane |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/333 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT micahbellemarieyapang nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT yilingwu nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT minyichu nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT pinghanwu nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT yuhsuanchiao nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT jeremiahcmillare nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT shuhsienhuang nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT huiantsai nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination AT kueirrarnlee nanofiltrationmembranesformedthroughinterfacialpolymerizationinvolvingcycloalkaneaminemonomerandtrimesoylchlorideshowingsometolerancetochlorineduringdyedesalination |