Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning
BackgroundTraditional approaches to modeling suicide-related thoughts and behaviors focus on few data types from often-siloed disciplines. While psychosocial aspects of risk for these phenotypes are frequently studied, there is a lack of research assessing their impact in the context of biological f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1294666/full |
| _version_ | 1797357675706580992 |
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| author | Earvin S. Tio Earvin S. Tio Melissa C. Misztal Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky |
| author_facet | Earvin S. Tio Earvin S. Tio Melissa C. Misztal Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky |
| author_sort | Earvin S. Tio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundTraditional approaches to modeling suicide-related thoughts and behaviors focus on few data types from often-siloed disciplines. While psychosocial aspects of risk for these phenotypes are frequently studied, there is a lack of research assessing their impact in the context of biological factors, which are important in determining an individual’s fulsome risk profile. To directly test this biopsychosocial model of suicide and identify the relative importance of predictive measures when considered together, a transdisciplinary, multivariate approach is needed. Here, we systematically review the emerging literature on large-scale studies using machine learning to integrate measures of psychological, social, and biological factors simultaneously in the study of suicide.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies that used machine learning to model suicide-related outcomes in human populations including at least one predictor from each of biological, psychological, and sociological data domains. Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for reports published between August 2013 and August 30, 2023. We evaluated populations studied, features emerging most consistently as risk or resilience factors, methods used, and strength of evidence for or against the biopsychosocial model of suicide.ResultsOut of 518 full-text articles screened, we identified a total of 20 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, including eight studies conducted in general population samples and 12 in clinical populations. Common important features identified included depressive and anxious symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders, social behaviors, lifestyle factors such as exercise, alcohol intake, smoking exposure, and marital and vocational status, and biological factors such as hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity markers, sleep-related measures, and selected genetic markers. A minority of studies conducted iterative modeling testing each data type for contribution to model performance, instead of reporting basic measures of relative feature importance.ConclusionStudies combining biopsychosocial measures to predict suicide-related phenotypes are beginning to proliferate. This literature provides some early empirical evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide, though it is marred by harmonization challenges. For future studies, more specific definitions of suicide-related outcomes, inclusion of a greater breadth of biological data, and more diversity in study populations will be needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:48:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c107b6efe2243e6a9177da817a63cc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:48:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c107b6efe2243e6a9177da817a63cc32024-01-11T04:49:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-01-011410.3389/fpsyt.2023.12946661294666Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learningEarvin S. Tio0Earvin S. Tio1Melissa C. Misztal2Daniel Felsky3Daniel Felsky4Daniel Felsky5Daniel Felsky6Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CanadaInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaKrembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CanadaKrembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, CanadaInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaBiostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaBackgroundTraditional approaches to modeling suicide-related thoughts and behaviors focus on few data types from often-siloed disciplines. While psychosocial aspects of risk for these phenotypes are frequently studied, there is a lack of research assessing their impact in the context of biological factors, which are important in determining an individual’s fulsome risk profile. To directly test this biopsychosocial model of suicide and identify the relative importance of predictive measures when considered together, a transdisciplinary, multivariate approach is needed. Here, we systematically review the emerging literature on large-scale studies using machine learning to integrate measures of psychological, social, and biological factors simultaneously in the study of suicide.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies that used machine learning to model suicide-related outcomes in human populations including at least one predictor from each of biological, psychological, and sociological data domains. Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for reports published between August 2013 and August 30, 2023. We evaluated populations studied, features emerging most consistently as risk or resilience factors, methods used, and strength of evidence for or against the biopsychosocial model of suicide.ResultsOut of 518 full-text articles screened, we identified a total of 20 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, including eight studies conducted in general population samples and 12 in clinical populations. Common important features identified included depressive and anxious symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders, social behaviors, lifestyle factors such as exercise, alcohol intake, smoking exposure, and marital and vocational status, and biological factors such as hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity markers, sleep-related measures, and selected genetic markers. A minority of studies conducted iterative modeling testing each data type for contribution to model performance, instead of reporting basic measures of relative feature importance.ConclusionStudies combining biopsychosocial measures to predict suicide-related phenotypes are beginning to proliferate. This literature provides some early empirical evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide, though it is marred by harmonization challenges. For future studies, more specific definitions of suicide-related outcomes, inclusion of a greater breadth of biological data, and more diversity in study populations will be needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1294666/fullsuicidesuicidal ideationmachine learningwhole personreview |
| spellingShingle | Earvin S. Tio Earvin S. Tio Melissa C. Misztal Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Daniel Felsky Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning Frontiers in Psychiatry suicide suicidal ideation machine learning whole person review |
| title | Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| title_full | Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| title_fullStr | Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| title_short | Evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide: a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| title_sort | evidence for the biopsychosocial model of suicide a review of whole person modeling studies using machine learning |
| topic | suicide suicidal ideation machine learning whole person review |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1294666/full |
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