Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides
Scandium-44 has been proposed as a valuable radionuclide for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Recently, scandium-43 was introduced as a more favorable option, as it does not emit high-energy γ-radiation; however, its currently employed production method results in a mixture of scandium-43 and sca...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/10/1826 |
| _version_ | 1797514838596911104 |
|---|---|
| author | Thiago V. M. Lima Silvano Gnesin Klaus Strobel Maria del Sol Pérez Justus E. Roos Cristina Müller Nicholas P. van der Meulen |
| author_facet | Thiago V. M. Lima Silvano Gnesin Klaus Strobel Maria del Sol Pérez Justus E. Roos Cristina Müller Nicholas P. van der Meulen |
| author_sort | Thiago V. M. Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scandium-44 has been proposed as a valuable radionuclide for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Recently, scandium-43 was introduced as a more favorable option, as it does not emit high-energy γ-radiation; however, its currently employed production method results in a mixture of scandium-43 and scandium-44. The interest in new radionuclides for diagnostic nuclear medicine critically depends on the option for image-based quantification. We aimed to evaluate and compare the quantitative capabilities of scandium-43/scandium-44 in a commercial PET/CT device with respect to more conventional clinical radionuclides (fluorine-18 and gallium-68). With this purpose, we characterized and compared quantitative PET data from a mixture of scandium-43/scandium-44 (~68% scandium-43), scandium-44, fluorine-18 and gallium-68, respectively. A NEMA image-quality phantom was filled with the different radionuclides using clinical-relevant lesion-to-background activity concentration ratios; images were acquired in a Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT. Quantitative accuracy with scandium-43/scandium-44 in the phantom’s background was within 9%, which is in agreement with fluorine-18-based PET standards. Coefficient of variance (COV) was 6.32% and signal recovery in the lesions provided RC<sub>max</sub> (recovery coefficient) values of 0.66, 0.90, 1.03, 1.04, 1.12 and 1.11 for lesions of 10-, 13-, 17-, 22-, 28- and 37-mm diameter, respectively. These results are in agreement with EARL reference values for fluorine-18 PET. The results in this work showed that accurate quantitative scandium-43/44 PET/CT is achievable in commercial devices. This may promote the future introduction of scandium-43/44-labelled radiopharmaceuticals into clinical use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:37:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c10a6ad3b7e45b784d89d9acb3aedb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:37:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c10a6ad3b7e45b784d89d9acb3aedb52023-11-22T17:57:22ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-10-011110182610.3390/diagnostics11101826Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical RadionuclidesThiago V. M. Lima0Silvano Gnesin1Klaus Strobel2Maria del Sol Pérez3Justus E. Roos4Cristina Müller5Nicholas P. van der Meulen6Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6004 Luzern, SwitzerlandInstitute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6004 Luzern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6004 Luzern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6004 Luzern, SwitzerlandCenter for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandCenter for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandScandium-44 has been proposed as a valuable radionuclide for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Recently, scandium-43 was introduced as a more favorable option, as it does not emit high-energy γ-radiation; however, its currently employed production method results in a mixture of scandium-43 and scandium-44. The interest in new radionuclides for diagnostic nuclear medicine critically depends on the option for image-based quantification. We aimed to evaluate and compare the quantitative capabilities of scandium-43/scandium-44 in a commercial PET/CT device with respect to more conventional clinical radionuclides (fluorine-18 and gallium-68). With this purpose, we characterized and compared quantitative PET data from a mixture of scandium-43/scandium-44 (~68% scandium-43), scandium-44, fluorine-18 and gallium-68, respectively. A NEMA image-quality phantom was filled with the different radionuclides using clinical-relevant lesion-to-background activity concentration ratios; images were acquired in a Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT. Quantitative accuracy with scandium-43/scandium-44 in the phantom’s background was within 9%, which is in agreement with fluorine-18-based PET standards. Coefficient of variance (COV) was 6.32% and signal recovery in the lesions provided RC<sub>max</sub> (recovery coefficient) values of 0.66, 0.90, 1.03, 1.04, 1.12 and 1.11 for lesions of 10-, 13-, 17-, 22-, 28- and 37-mm diameter, respectively. These results are in agreement with EARL reference values for fluorine-18 PET. The results in this work showed that accurate quantitative scandium-43/44 PET/CT is achievable in commercial devices. This may promote the future introduction of scandium-43/44-labelled radiopharmaceuticals into clinical use.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/10/1826PETquantificationnovel radionuclides |
| spellingShingle | Thiago V. M. Lima Silvano Gnesin Klaus Strobel Maria del Sol Pérez Justus E. Roos Cristina Müller Nicholas P. van der Meulen Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides Diagnostics PET quantification novel radionuclides |
| title | Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides |
| title_full | Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides |
| title_fullStr | Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides |
| title_short | Fifty Shades of Scandium: Comparative Study of PET Capabilities Using Sc-43 and Sc-44 with Respect to Conventional Clinical Radionuclides |
| title_sort | fifty shades of scandium comparative study of pet capabilities using sc 43 and sc 44 with respect to conventional clinical radionuclides |
| topic | PET quantification novel radionuclides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/10/1826 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thiagovmlima fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT silvanognesin fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT klausstrobel fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT mariadelsolperez fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT justuseroos fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT cristinamuller fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides AT nicholaspvandermeulen fiftyshadesofscandiumcomparativestudyofpetcapabilitiesusingsc43andsc44withrespecttoconventionalclinicalradionuclides |