A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications
For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, wh...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8027 |
| _version_ | 1797507825915658240 |
|---|---|
| author | Laura Savoldi Konstantinos A. Avramidis Ferran Albajar Stefano Alberti Alberto Leggieri Francisco Sanchez |
| author_facet | Laura Savoldi Konstantinos A. Avramidis Ferran Albajar Stefano Alberti Alberto Leggieri Francisco Sanchez |
| author_sort | Laura Savoldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, which drives progressively higher Ohmic losses to be removed from the resonator, together with the need for limiting the resonator deformation as much as possible, has put more emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic modeling of the cavity. To cope with that, a multi-physics simulator has been developed in recent years in a shared effort between several European institutions (the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie and Politecnico di Torino, supported by Fusion for Energy). In this paper the current status of the tool calibration and validation is addressed, aiming at highlighting where any direct or indirect comparisons with experimental data are missing and suggesting a possible roadmap to fill that gap, taking advantage of forthcoming tests in Europe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c12c5732a694775b40165395c8334cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c12c5732a694775b40165395c8334cb2023-11-23T02:21:32ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-12-011423802710.3390/en14238027A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion ApplicationsLaura Savoldi0Konstantinos A. Avramidis1Ferran Albajar2Stefano Alberti3Alberto Leggieri4Francisco Sanchez5MAHTEP Group, Dipartimento Energia “Galileo Ferraris”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyIHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyFusion for Energy, 08019 Barcelona, SpainSwiss Plasma Center, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandMicrowave & Imaging Solution, THALES, F-78141 Velizy-Villacoublay, FranceFusion for Energy, 08019 Barcelona, SpainFor a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, which drives progressively higher Ohmic losses to be removed from the resonator, together with the need for limiting the resonator deformation as much as possible, has put more emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic modeling of the cavity. To cope with that, a multi-physics simulator has been developed in recent years in a shared effort between several European institutions (the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie and Politecnico di Torino, supported by Fusion for Energy). In this paper the current status of the tool calibration and validation is addressed, aiming at highlighting where any direct or indirect comparisons with experimental data are missing and suggesting a possible roadmap to fill that gap, taking advantage of forthcoming tests in Europe.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8027gyrotron resonatormulti-physic simulationthermal-hydraulicscoolingmini-channelsRaschig rings |
| spellingShingle | Laura Savoldi Konstantinos A. Avramidis Ferran Albajar Stefano Alberti Alberto Leggieri Francisco Sanchez A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications Energies gyrotron resonator multi-physic simulation thermal-hydraulics cooling mini-channels Raschig rings |
| title | A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications |
| title_full | A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications |
| title_fullStr | A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications |
| title_short | A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications |
| title_sort | validation roadmap of multi physics simulators of the resonator of mw class cw gyrotrons for fusion applications |
| topic | gyrotron resonator multi-physic simulation thermal-hydraulics cooling mini-channels Raschig rings |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8027 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laurasavoldi avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT konstantinosaavramidis avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT ferranalbajar avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT stefanoalberti avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT albertoleggieri avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT franciscosanchez avalidationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT laurasavoldi validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT konstantinosaavramidis validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT ferranalbajar validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT stefanoalberti validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT albertoleggieri validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications AT franciscosanchez validationroadmapofmultiphysicssimulatorsoftheresonatorofmwclasscwgyrotronsforfusionapplications |