Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach
Abstract Background As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, the prevalence of anemia has decreased slightly from 52.9% in 2007, to 46.4% in 2012 and 42.4% in 2019. However, there is considera...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17554-y |
| _version_ | 1797349623075962880 |
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| author | Martin Abysina Soda Eugénie Kabali Hamuli Salomon Agasa Batina Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala |
| author_facet | Martin Abysina Soda Eugénie Kabali Hamuli Salomon Agasa Batina Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala |
| author_sort | Martin Abysina Soda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, the prevalence of anemia has decreased slightly from 52.9% in 2007, to 46.4% in 2012 and 42.4% in 2019. However, there is considerable regional variation in its distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age and to explore its spatial distribution in the DRC. Methods Based on the Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, we used the 2013 Democratic Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-DRC II) data to investigate individual and environmental characteristics contributing to the development of anemia in women of reproductive age and the mapping of anemia in terms of residual spatial effects. Results Age, pregnancy status, body mass index, education level, current breastfeeding, current marital status, contraceptive and insecticide-treated net use, source of drinking water supply and toilet/latrine use including the province of residence were the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC. With Global Moran's I = -0.00279, p-value ≥ 0.05, the spatial distribution of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC results from random spatial processes. Thus, the observed spatial pattern is completely random. Conclusion The Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression statistical model is able to adjust for risk and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC highlighting the combined role of individual and environmental factors in the development of anemia in DRC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:32:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c3a8ced3cce497a9e10284860d44fc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:32:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c3a8ced3cce497a9e10284860d44fc62024-01-21T12:38:50ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-01-0124111110.1186/s12889-023-17554-yDeterminants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approachMartin Abysina Soda0Eugénie Kabali Hamuli1Salomon Agasa Batina2Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala3Section de Sciences Infirmières Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de KisanganiInstitut Supérieur Des Techniques Médicales de KinshasaDépartement de Médecine Interne, Université de KisanganiInstitut Supérieur Des Techniques Médicales de KinshasaAbstract Background As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, the prevalence of anemia has decreased slightly from 52.9% in 2007, to 46.4% in 2012 and 42.4% in 2019. However, there is considerable regional variation in its distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age and to explore its spatial distribution in the DRC. Methods Based on the Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, we used the 2013 Democratic Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-DRC II) data to investigate individual and environmental characteristics contributing to the development of anemia in women of reproductive age and the mapping of anemia in terms of residual spatial effects. Results Age, pregnancy status, body mass index, education level, current breastfeeding, current marital status, contraceptive and insecticide-treated net use, source of drinking water supply and toilet/latrine use including the province of residence were the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC. With Global Moran's I = -0.00279, p-value ≥ 0.05, the spatial distribution of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC results from random spatial processes. Thus, the observed spatial pattern is completely random. Conclusion The Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression statistical model is able to adjust for risk and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC highlighting the combined role of individual and environmental factors in the development of anemia in DRC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17554-yDeterminants and spatial factorsAnemia in women of reproductive ageMultilevel and spatial Bayesian ordinal logistic regression model |
| spellingShingle | Martin Abysina Soda Eugénie Kabali Hamuli Salomon Agasa Batina Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach BMC Public Health Determinants and spatial factors Anemia in women of reproductive age Multilevel and spatial Bayesian ordinal logistic regression model |
| title | Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| title_full | Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| title_fullStr | Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| title_short | Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| title_sort | determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in democratic republic of congo drc a bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach |
| topic | Determinants and spatial factors Anemia in women of reproductive age Multilevel and spatial Bayesian ordinal logistic regression model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17554-y |
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