Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System
At present, there is a limited understanding of nitrogen (N) accumulation, translocation, and utilization in different types of rice grown using different planting methods in a rice–wheat rotation system. Systematic experiments were conducted with six rice cultivars, including two <i>japonica-...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/1/77 |
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| author | Zhipeng Xing Zhicheng Huang Yu Yao Dihui Fu Shuang Cheng Jinyu Tian Hongcheng Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhipeng Xing Zhicheng Huang Yu Yao Dihui Fu Shuang Cheng Jinyu Tian Hongcheng Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhipeng Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | At present, there is a limited understanding of nitrogen (N) accumulation, translocation, and utilization in different types of rice grown using different planting methods in a rice–wheat rotation system. Systematic experiments were conducted with six rice cultivars, including two <i>japonica-indica</i> hybrids (JIHR), two <i>japonica</i> conventional rice (JCR) cultivars, and two indica hybrid rice (IHR) cultivars, to study the effects on N use of plants in three transplanting modes: (1) the pothole seedling machine transplanting mode (PM), (2) the carpet seedling machine transplanting mode (CM), and (3) the mechanical direct seeding mode (DM). Results showed that at stem elongation stage, for N content and uptake, the planting methods were ranked in the order PM < CM < DM, and at heading and maturity the order was PM > CM > DM. After stem elongation the rankings for N accumulation, ratio of N accumulation to total N, and N uptake rate were PM > CM >DM. Thus, on the basis of a certain amount of N accumulation in the early growth phase, increasing the N uptake rate and N accumulation in the middle and late growth phases are ways to increase total N uptake for the PM and CM modes compared to DM. In addition, the PM/JIHR treatment had the highest N uptake at maturity. The N contents of leaves, stem-sheaths, and panicles at heading and maturity for the three planting modes were ranked PM > CM > DM. Moreover, the N translocation amount, apparent N translocation rate, and translocation conversion rate of leaves under PM were significantly higher than for CM and DM, which would increase N accumulation in the grain. The N uptake per 100 kg grain and the partial factor productivity of applied N under PM were larger than for CM and DM, but the N use efficiency of grain yield and biomass were smaller for PM than for CM and DM. In conclusion, rice grown using PM, especially JIHR, had higher total N uptake and N utilization compared to the CM and DM modes, and cultivation measures to improve the N use efficiency of grain yield and biomass could be appropriately applied to further improve N use in a rice–wheat rotation system. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c4f1187300c4628a7bd64ffb6eed56f2023-11-30T20:45:23ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-12-011317710.3390/agriculture13010077Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation SystemZhipeng Xing0Zhicheng Huang1Yu Yao2Dihui Fu3Shuang Cheng4Jinyu Tian5Hongcheng Zhang6Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaAt present, there is a limited understanding of nitrogen (N) accumulation, translocation, and utilization in different types of rice grown using different planting methods in a rice–wheat rotation system. Systematic experiments were conducted with six rice cultivars, including two <i>japonica-indica</i> hybrids (JIHR), two <i>japonica</i> conventional rice (JCR) cultivars, and two indica hybrid rice (IHR) cultivars, to study the effects on N use of plants in three transplanting modes: (1) the pothole seedling machine transplanting mode (PM), (2) the carpet seedling machine transplanting mode (CM), and (3) the mechanical direct seeding mode (DM). Results showed that at stem elongation stage, for N content and uptake, the planting methods were ranked in the order PM < CM < DM, and at heading and maturity the order was PM > CM > DM. After stem elongation the rankings for N accumulation, ratio of N accumulation to total N, and N uptake rate were PM > CM >DM. Thus, on the basis of a certain amount of N accumulation in the early growth phase, increasing the N uptake rate and N accumulation in the middle and late growth phases are ways to increase total N uptake for the PM and CM modes compared to DM. In addition, the PM/JIHR treatment had the highest N uptake at maturity. The N contents of leaves, stem-sheaths, and panicles at heading and maturity for the three planting modes were ranked PM > CM > DM. Moreover, the N translocation amount, apparent N translocation rate, and translocation conversion rate of leaves under PM were significantly higher than for CM and DM, which would increase N accumulation in the grain. The N uptake per 100 kg grain and the partial factor productivity of applied N under PM were larger than for CM and DM, but the N use efficiency of grain yield and biomass were smaller for PM than for CM and DM. In conclusion, rice grown using PM, especially JIHR, had higher total N uptake and N utilization compared to the CM and DM modes, and cultivation measures to improve the N use efficiency of grain yield and biomass could be appropriately applied to further improve N use in a rice–wheat rotation system.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/1/77riceagricultural machineryplanting methodN use |
| spellingShingle | Zhipeng Xing Zhicheng Huang Yu Yao Dihui Fu Shuang Cheng Jinyu Tian Hongcheng Zhang Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System Agriculture rice agricultural machinery planting method N use |
| title | Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System |
| title_full | Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System |
| title_short | Nitrogen Use Traits of Different Rice for Three Planting Modes in a Rice-Wheat Rotation System |
| title_sort | nitrogen use traits of different rice for three planting modes in a rice wheat rotation system |
| topic | rice agricultural machinery planting method N use |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/1/77 |
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