Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study
Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded by a linear or 2-dimensional electrode array can be used to estimate the location of muscle innervation zones (IZ). There are various neurophysiological factors that may influence surface EMG and thus potentially compromise muscle IZ estimation. The objective...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/10/356 |
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| author | Chengjun Huang Maoqi Chen Xiaoyan Li Yingchun Zhang Sheng Li Ping Zhou |
| author_facet | Chengjun Huang Maoqi Chen Xiaoyan Li Yingchun Zhang Sheng Li Ping Zhou |
| author_sort | Chengjun Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded by a linear or 2-dimensional electrode array can be used to estimate the location of muscle innervation zones (IZ). There are various neurophysiological factors that may influence surface EMG and thus potentially compromise muscle IZ estimation. The objective of this study was to evaluate how surface-EMG-based IZ estimation might be affected by different factors, including varying degrees of motor unit (MU) synchronization in the case of single or double IZs. The study was performed by implementing a model simulating surface EMG activity. Three different MU synchronization conditions were simulated, namely no synchronization, medium level synchronization, and complete synchronization analog to M wave. Surface EMG signals recorded by a 2-dimensional electrode array were simulated from a muscle with single and double IZs, respectively. For each situation, the IZ was estimated from surface EMG and compared with the one used in the model for performance evaluation. For the muscle with only one IZ, the estimated IZ location from surface EMG was consistent with the one used in the model for all the three MU synchronization conditions. For the muscle with double IZs, at least one IZ was appropriately estimated from interference surface EMG when there was no MU synchronization. However, the estimated IZ was different from either of the two IZ locations used in the model for the other two MU synchronization conditions. For muscles with a single IZ, MU synchronization has little effect on IZ estimation from electrode array surface EMG. However, caution is required for multiple IZ muscles since MU synchronization might lead to false IZ estimation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c4fa2feb561427e86bc55d5c7128903 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c4fa2feb561427e86bc55d5c71289032023-11-22T17:35:28ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742021-09-01111035610.3390/bios11100356Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation StudyChengjun Huang0Maoqi Chen1Xiaoyan Li2Yingchun Zhang3Sheng Li4Ping Zhou5Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou 510970, ChinaFaculty of Rehabilitation Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, ChinaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USADepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USAFaculty of Rehabilitation Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, ChinaSurface electromyography (EMG) recorded by a linear or 2-dimensional electrode array can be used to estimate the location of muscle innervation zones (IZ). There are various neurophysiological factors that may influence surface EMG and thus potentially compromise muscle IZ estimation. The objective of this study was to evaluate how surface-EMG-based IZ estimation might be affected by different factors, including varying degrees of motor unit (MU) synchronization in the case of single or double IZs. The study was performed by implementing a model simulating surface EMG activity. Three different MU synchronization conditions were simulated, namely no synchronization, medium level synchronization, and complete synchronization analog to M wave. Surface EMG signals recorded by a 2-dimensional electrode array were simulated from a muscle with single and double IZs, respectively. For each situation, the IZ was estimated from surface EMG and compared with the one used in the model for performance evaluation. For the muscle with only one IZ, the estimated IZ location from surface EMG was consistent with the one used in the model for all the three MU synchronization conditions. For the muscle with double IZs, at least one IZ was appropriately estimated from interference surface EMG when there was no MU synchronization. However, the estimated IZ was different from either of the two IZ locations used in the model for the other two MU synchronization conditions. For muscles with a single IZ, MU synchronization has little effect on IZ estimation from electrode array surface EMG. However, caution is required for multiple IZ muscles since MU synchronization might lead to false IZ estimation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/10/356surface electromyographyinnervation zonemotor unit synchronizationM waveelectrode arraysimulation |
| spellingShingle | Chengjun Huang Maoqi Chen Xiaoyan Li Yingchun Zhang Sheng Li Ping Zhou Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study Biosensors surface electromyography innervation zone motor unit synchronization M wave electrode array simulation |
| title | Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study |
| title_full | Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study |
| title_fullStr | Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study |
| title_short | Neurophysiological Factors Affecting Muscle Innervation Zone Estimation Using Surface EMG: A Simulation Study |
| title_sort | neurophysiological factors affecting muscle innervation zone estimation using surface emg a simulation study |
| topic | surface electromyography innervation zone motor unit synchronization M wave electrode array simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/10/356 |
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