Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study
Background: Tramadol (TR) is a synthetic opioid-like centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain management in various diseases. Numerous investigations have supported the association between tramadol use and increased levels of oxygen-free radicals. Mass production of reactive oxyge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
2022-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/35430 |
| _version_ | 1818058492576006144 |
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| author | Leila Mohammadnejad Kambiz Soltaninejad |
| author_facet | Leila Mohammadnejad Kambiz Soltaninejad |
| author_sort | Leila Mohammadnejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Tramadol (TR) is a synthetic opioid-like centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain management in various diseases. Numerous investigations have supported the association between tramadol use and increased levels of oxygen-free radicals. Mass production of reactive oxygen species produces secondary toxic compounds. This could damage the internal components of the cell and ultimately causes organ damage. There exists a growing trend of tramadol abuse and the increasing reports of poisoning, abuse, and mortality due to this drug. Thus, the present study aimed to review the animals and human studies on the effects of acute and chronic exposure of tramadol in inducing organ toxicities through oxidative stress.
Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched for studies that investigated oxidative stress as a mechanism of toxicity by tramadol. A manual search of reference lists of the retrieved articles was conducted. Data were collected from 2000 to 2021 (up to June 2021).
Results: From 28 articles concerning experimental and human studies of TR-induced oxidative stress organ damage, which included in this review, the occurrence of lipid peroxidation, alteration in the levels of total antioxidant capacity, and other oxidative stress biomarkers in many organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, adrenal and lung in the experimental studies of tramadol exposure have been observed.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be considered the most critical toxic mechanism in TR-induced tissue damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:01:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c5304811be645ccac8302acf307d018 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2251-8762 2251-8770 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:01:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c5304811be645ccac8302acf307d0182022-12-22T01:47:57ZengShaheed Beheshti University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine2251-87622251-87702022-03-011213543035430Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review StudyLeila Mohammadnejad 0Kambiz Soltaninejad1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.Background: Tramadol (TR) is a synthetic opioid-like centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain management in various diseases. Numerous investigations have supported the association between tramadol use and increased levels of oxygen-free radicals. Mass production of reactive oxygen species produces secondary toxic compounds. This could damage the internal components of the cell and ultimately causes organ damage. There exists a growing trend of tramadol abuse and the increasing reports of poisoning, abuse, and mortality due to this drug. Thus, the present study aimed to review the animals and human studies on the effects of acute and chronic exposure of tramadol in inducing organ toxicities through oxidative stress. Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched for studies that investigated oxidative stress as a mechanism of toxicity by tramadol. A manual search of reference lists of the retrieved articles was conducted. Data were collected from 2000 to 2021 (up to June 2021). Results: From 28 articles concerning experimental and human studies of TR-induced oxidative stress organ damage, which included in this review, the occurrence of lipid peroxidation, alteration in the levels of total antioxidant capacity, and other oxidative stress biomarkers in many organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, adrenal and lung in the experimental studies of tramadol exposure have been observed. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be considered the most critical toxic mechanism in TR-induced tissue damage.https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/35430tramadolreactive oxygen speciesoxidative stresstoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Leila Mohammadnejad Kambiz Soltaninejad Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine tramadol reactive oxygen species oxidative stress toxicity |
| title | Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study |
| title_full | Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study |
| title_fullStr | Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study |
| title_short | Tramadol-Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress : A Review Study |
| title_sort | tramadol induced organ toxicity via oxidative stress a review study |
| topic | tramadol reactive oxygen species oxidative stress toxicity |
| url | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/35430 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leilamohammadnejad tramadolinducedorgantoxicityviaoxidativestressareviewstudy AT kambizsoltaninejad tramadolinducedorgantoxicityviaoxidativestressareviewstudy |