Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress
Environmentally friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil can alleviate host damage from abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Paraglomus occultum</i>, on p...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1305 |
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| author | Sheng-Min Liang Qiu-Shuang Li Ming-Yang Liu Abeer Hashem Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani Mekhled M. Alenazi Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Pandiyan Muthuramalingam Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_facet | Sheng-Min Liang Qiu-Shuang Li Ming-Yang Liu Abeer Hashem Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani Mekhled M. Alenazi Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Pandiyan Muthuramalingam Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_sort | Sheng-Min Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmentally friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil can alleviate host damage from abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Paraglomus occultum</i>, on plant growth, nitrogen balance index, and expressions of <i>salt overly sensitive</i> genes (<i>SOSs</i>), <i>plasma membrane intrinsic protein</i> genes (<i>PIPs</i>), and <i>tonoplast intrinsic protein</i> genes (<i>TIPs</i>) in leaves of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. var. Huapiqiu) seedlings grown in 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress. NaCl stress severely inhibited plant growth, but <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation significantly improved plant growth. NaCl stress also suppressed the chlorophyll index, accompanied by an increase in the flavonoid index, whereas inoculation with AMF significantly promoted the chlorophyll index as well as reduced the flavonoid index under NaCl conditions, thus leading to an increase in the nitrogen balance index in inoculated plants. NaCl stress regulated the expression of <i>SlPIP1</i> and <i>SlPIP2</i> genes in leaves, and five <i>SlPIPs</i> genes were up-regulated after <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> colonization under NaCl stress, along with the down-regulation of only <i>SlPIP1;2</i>. Both NaCl stress and <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation induced diverse expression patterns in <i>SlTIPs</i>, coupled with a greater number of up-regulated <i>TIPs</i> in inoculated versus uninoculated plants under NaCl stress. NaCl stress up-regulated <i>SlSOS2</i> expressions of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, while <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> significantly up-regulated <i>SlSOS1</i> expressions by 1.13- and 0.45-fold under non-NaCl and NaCl conditions, respectively. It was concluded that <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation enhanced the salt tolerance of the tomato, associated with the nutrient status and stress-responsive gene (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOS1</i>) expressions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:13:33Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:13:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c5bc5ff05dc498cafb7f7b4074bc66f2023-11-24T16:00:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-12-01812130510.3390/jof8121305Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt StressSheng-Min Liang0Qiu-Shuang Li1Ming-Yang Liu2Abeer Hashem3Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani4Mekhled M. Alenazi5Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah6Pandiyan Muthuramalingam7Qiang-Sheng Wu8College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of KoreaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaEnvironmentally friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil can alleviate host damage from abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Paraglomus occultum</i>, on plant growth, nitrogen balance index, and expressions of <i>salt overly sensitive</i> genes (<i>SOSs</i>), <i>plasma membrane intrinsic protein</i> genes (<i>PIPs</i>), and <i>tonoplast intrinsic protein</i> genes (<i>TIPs</i>) in leaves of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. var. Huapiqiu) seedlings grown in 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress. NaCl stress severely inhibited plant growth, but <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation significantly improved plant growth. NaCl stress also suppressed the chlorophyll index, accompanied by an increase in the flavonoid index, whereas inoculation with AMF significantly promoted the chlorophyll index as well as reduced the flavonoid index under NaCl conditions, thus leading to an increase in the nitrogen balance index in inoculated plants. NaCl stress regulated the expression of <i>SlPIP1</i> and <i>SlPIP2</i> genes in leaves, and five <i>SlPIPs</i> genes were up-regulated after <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> colonization under NaCl stress, along with the down-regulation of only <i>SlPIP1;2</i>. Both NaCl stress and <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation induced diverse expression patterns in <i>SlTIPs</i>, coupled with a greater number of up-regulated <i>TIPs</i> in inoculated versus uninoculated plants under NaCl stress. NaCl stress up-regulated <i>SlSOS2</i> expressions of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, while <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> significantly up-regulated <i>SlSOS1</i> expressions by 1.13- and 0.45-fold under non-NaCl and NaCl conditions, respectively. It was concluded that <i>P</i>. <i>occultum</i> inoculation enhanced the salt tolerance of the tomato, associated with the nutrient status and stress-responsive gene (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOS1</i>) expressions.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1305arbuscular mycorrhizal funginitrogen balance indexPIPssalt stressSOSTIPs |
| spellingShingle | Sheng-Min Liang Qiu-Shuang Li Ming-Yang Liu Abeer Hashem Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani Mekhled M. Alenazi Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Pandiyan Muthuramalingam Qiang-Sheng Wu Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress Journal of Fungi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nitrogen balance index PIPs salt stress SOS TIPs |
| title | Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress |
| title_full | Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress |
| title_short | Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth and Expressions of Stress-Responsive Genes (<i>aquaporins</i> and <i>SOSs</i>) of Tomato under Salt Stress |
| title_sort | mycorrhizal effects on growth and expressions of stress responsive genes i aquaporins i and i soss i of tomato under salt stress |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nitrogen balance index PIPs salt stress SOS TIPs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1305 |
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