Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
As an important component of the East Asian monsoon system, the northeast cold vortex (NECV) exerts a significant impact on weather and climate, especially in Northeast China. This study investigated the interdecadal spatiotemporal variability of heavy rainfall under the cold vortex of Northeast Chi...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/354 |
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| author | Dan Zhu Xiefei Zhi Zin Mie Mie Sein Yan Ji Xiao Tian Mengting Pan |
| author_facet | Dan Zhu Xiefei Zhi Zin Mie Mie Sein Yan Ji Xiao Tian Mengting Pan |
| author_sort | Dan Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an important component of the East Asian monsoon system, the northeast cold vortex (NECV) exerts a significant impact on weather and climate, especially in Northeast China. This study investigated the interdecadal spatiotemporal variability of heavy rainfall under the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECVHR) and its relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) during 1961–2019 over Northeast China. To investigate the dominant factors affecting variability in the heavy rainfall between May and September, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed. To detect the trends and changes, a Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used. The sliding <i>t</i>-test was used to identify the change points and the significance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SST and NECVHR, and the <i>t</i>-test was used to verify the significance. The results showed that the total amount of cold vortex heavy rainfall during May–September ranged from 153 to 12,509 mm for 1961–2019. An abrupt interdecadal change was seen after 2014 in Northeast China. The EOF analyses revealed that the first, second, and third EOFs explain 76%, 12.1%, and 5.5% of the total variance, respectively. The EOF followed the heavy rainfall pattern, with increases in the south (southeast) and decreases in the north (northwest) over Northeast China. Heavy rainfall over Northeast China positively correlated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) index. The heavier rainfall under cold vortex (MCVHR) years revealed that the equipotential height was obviously located over the Sea of Japan, west of Northeast China and the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The cyclonic circulation over the East China Sea and north (northeasterly) wind prevails over Northeast China during less heavy rainfall under cold vortex (LCVHR) years. A high anticyclonic circulation over the Qinghai Tibet plateau resulted in stronger cold advection over Northeast China. The anticyclonic circulations over the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan (east), and the western (southwesterly) winds prevail over Northeast China, with a relatively shallow cold trough over the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The findings in this paper provided a better understanding of the interdecadal variability of NECVHR over Northeast China. The findings can be helpful for several stakeholders regarding agricultural production, water resource management, and natural habitat conversation in Northeast China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:37:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0c628caa706b4e998c367e32b5122083 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0c628caa706b4e998c367e32b51220832023-11-23T18:46:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-02-0113235410.3390/atmos13020354Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Dan Zhu0Xiefei Zhi1Zin Mie Mie Sein2Yan Ji3Xiao Tian4Mengting Pan5Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaTianjin Meteorological Observatory, Tianjin 300074, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaAs an important component of the East Asian monsoon system, the northeast cold vortex (NECV) exerts a significant impact on weather and climate, especially in Northeast China. This study investigated the interdecadal spatiotemporal variability of heavy rainfall under the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECVHR) and its relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) during 1961–2019 over Northeast China. To investigate the dominant factors affecting variability in the heavy rainfall between May and September, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed. To detect the trends and changes, a Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used. The sliding <i>t</i>-test was used to identify the change points and the significance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SST and NECVHR, and the <i>t</i>-test was used to verify the significance. The results showed that the total amount of cold vortex heavy rainfall during May–September ranged from 153 to 12,509 mm for 1961–2019. An abrupt interdecadal change was seen after 2014 in Northeast China. The EOF analyses revealed that the first, second, and third EOFs explain 76%, 12.1%, and 5.5% of the total variance, respectively. The EOF followed the heavy rainfall pattern, with increases in the south (southeast) and decreases in the north (northwest) over Northeast China. Heavy rainfall over Northeast China positively correlated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) index. The heavier rainfall under cold vortex (MCVHR) years revealed that the equipotential height was obviously located over the Sea of Japan, west of Northeast China and the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The cyclonic circulation over the East China Sea and north (northeasterly) wind prevails over Northeast China during less heavy rainfall under cold vortex (LCVHR) years. A high anticyclonic circulation over the Qinghai Tibet plateau resulted in stronger cold advection over Northeast China. The anticyclonic circulations over the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan (east), and the western (southwesterly) winds prevail over Northeast China, with a relatively shallow cold trough over the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The findings in this paper provided a better understanding of the interdecadal variability of NECVHR over Northeast China. The findings can be helpful for several stakeholders regarding agricultural production, water resource management, and natural habitat conversation in Northeast China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/354interdecadal variabilitynortheast cold vortexheavy rainfallNortheast China |
| spellingShingle | Dan Zhu Xiefei Zhi Zin Mie Mie Sein Yan Ji Xiao Tian Mengting Pan Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Atmosphere interdecadal variability northeast cold vortex heavy rainfall Northeast China |
| title | Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
| title_full | Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
| title_fullStr | Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
| title_short | Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
| title_sort | possible relationships between the interdecadal anomalies of heavy rainfall under northeastern china cold vortexes and the sea surface temperature sst |
| topic | interdecadal variability northeast cold vortex heavy rainfall Northeast China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/354 |
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