Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK
Urban soils are at the interface between land and people and provide a wide variety of important ecosystem services to highly populous areas. The aims of this soil survey were (1) to measure the bulk density, carbon (C) storage and pH of surface soils (0−15 cm depth) from public spaces (pa...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/335 |
| _version_ | 1818645250231500800 |
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| author | Luke Beesley Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez Phil Jenn Nicholas W. Lepp |
| author_facet | Luke Beesley Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez Phil Jenn Nicholas W. Lepp |
| author_sort | Luke Beesley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urban soils are at the interface between land and people and provide a wide variety of important ecosystem services to highly populous areas. The aims of this soil survey were (1) to measure the bulk density, carbon (C) storage and pH of surface soils (0−15 cm depth) from public spaces (parks and road verges) in the city of Liverpool, UK, and (2) to determine the likely impact of these master variables on heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). The bulk densities and organic matter contents varied considerably in the predominantly sandy textured soils within the city boundary, resulting in diverse C densities from 1−10 kg C m<sup>2</sup>. Organic carbon formed the majority of the labile, water-soluble and extractable C pool in these soils, a fact not easily elucidated from their organic matter or C content alone. The copper and lead concentrations in the sampled soils were correlated with organic matter and organic carbon in water-extracts. Cadmium and zinc appeared to be dependent only on soil pH, whilst arsenic was related positively to organic matter, but negatively to pH. Interrelationships, and hence synonymous distributions, of all metal(loid)s existed, but were strongest between Cu and As, and Cu and Pb. These results suggest that the diverse bulk densities, and hence carbon storage, of the urban soils surveyed influenced the dispersal of metals and arsenic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:27:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c63345cd7a449df9220925d977ba4db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:27:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c63345cd7a449df9220925d977ba4db2022-12-21T22:10:25ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-03-0110333510.3390/agronomy10030335agronomy10030335Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UKLuke Beesley0Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez1Phil Jenn2Nicholas W. Lepp3The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UKUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainPrivate Practice, 20 Muirend Road, Cardross G82 5LG, UKPrivate Practice, 35 Victoria Road, Formby L37 7DH, UKUrban soils are at the interface between land and people and provide a wide variety of important ecosystem services to highly populous areas. The aims of this soil survey were (1) to measure the bulk density, carbon (C) storage and pH of surface soils (0−15 cm depth) from public spaces (parks and road verges) in the city of Liverpool, UK, and (2) to determine the likely impact of these master variables on heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). The bulk densities and organic matter contents varied considerably in the predominantly sandy textured soils within the city boundary, resulting in diverse C densities from 1−10 kg C m<sup>2</sup>. Organic carbon formed the majority of the labile, water-soluble and extractable C pool in these soils, a fact not easily elucidated from their organic matter or C content alone. The copper and lead concentrations in the sampled soils were correlated with organic matter and organic carbon in water-extracts. Cadmium and zinc appeared to be dependent only on soil pH, whilst arsenic was related positively to organic matter, but negatively to pH. Interrelationships, and hence synonymous distributions, of all metal(loid)s existed, but were strongest between Cu and As, and Cu and Pb. These results suggest that the diverse bulk densities, and hence carbon storage, of the urban soils surveyed influenced the dispersal of metals and arsenic.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/335urban soilscarbon sequestrationbulk densityheavy metals |
| spellingShingle | Luke Beesley Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez Phil Jenn Nicholas W. Lepp Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK Agronomy urban soils carbon sequestration bulk density heavy metals |
| title | Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK |
| title_full | Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK |
| title_fullStr | Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK |
| title_short | Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK |
| title_sort | carbon and metal loid s in parkland and road verge surface soils in the city of liverpool uk |
| topic | urban soils carbon sequestration bulk density heavy metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/335 |
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