The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China

Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae), a hemiparasitic genus of Eastern Asia, is characterized by having long and viscous glandular hairs on stems and leaves. Despite this unifying character, previous phylogenetic analyses indicate that Phtheirospermum is polyphyletic, with Phtheirospermum japonicum allie...

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Main Authors: Wen-Bin Yu, Christopher P. Randle, Lu Lu, Hong Wang, Jun-Bo Yang, Claude W. dePamphilis, Richard T. Corlett, De-Zhu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00142/full
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author Wen-Bin Yu
Wen-Bin Yu
Christopher P. Randle
Lu Lu
Hong Wang
Jun-Bo Yang
Claude W. dePamphilis
Richard T. Corlett
De-Zhu Li
author_facet Wen-Bin Yu
Wen-Bin Yu
Christopher P. Randle
Lu Lu
Hong Wang
Jun-Bo Yang
Claude W. dePamphilis
Richard T. Corlett
De-Zhu Li
author_sort Wen-Bin Yu
collection DOAJ
description Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae), a hemiparasitic genus of Eastern Asia, is characterized by having long and viscous glandular hairs on stems and leaves. Despite this unifying character, previous phylogenetic analyses indicate that Phtheirospermum is polyphyletic, with Phtheirospermum japonicum allied with tribe Pedicularideae and members of the Ph. tenuisectum complex allied with members of tribe Rhinantheae. However, no analyses to date have included broad phylogenetic sampling necessary to test the monophyly of Phtheirospermum species, and to place these species into the existing subfamiliar taxonomic organization of Orobanchaceae. Two other genera of uncertain phylogenetic placement are Brandisia and Pterygiella, also both of Eastern Asia. In this study, broadly sampled phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and plastid DNA revealed hard incongruence between these datasets in the placement of Brandisia. However, both nrITS and the plastid datasets supported the placement of Ph. japonicum within tribe Pedicularideae, and a separate clade consisting of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and a monophyletic Pterygiella. Analyses were largely in agreement that Pterygiella, the Ptheirospermum complex, and Xizangia form a clade not nested within any of the monophyletic tribes of Orobanchaceae recognized to date. Ph. japonicum, a model species for parasitic plant research, is widely distributed in Eastern Asia. Despite this broad distribution, both nrITS and plastid DNA regions from a wide sampling of this species showed high genetic identity, suggesting that the wide species range is likely due to a recent population expansion. The Ph. tenuisectum complex is mainly distributed in the Hengduan Mountains region. Two cryptic species were identified by both phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Relationships among species of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and Pterygiella remain uncertain. Estimated divergence ages of the Ph. tenuisectum complex corresponding to the last two uplifts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at around 8.0–7.0 Mya and 3.6–1.5 Mya indicated that the development of a hot-dry valley climate during these uplifts may have driven species diversification in the Ph. tenuisectum complex.
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spelling doaj.art-0c6496f36062459c97c50618d2a6bb9a2022-12-21T22:54:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2018-02-01910.3389/fpls.2018.00142309051The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest ChinaWen-Bin Yu0Wen-Bin Yu1Christopher P. Randle2Lu Lu3Hong Wang4Jun-Bo Yang5Claude W. dePamphilis6Richard T. Corlett7De-Zhu Li8Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (CAS), Mengla, ChinaSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, MyanmarDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United StatesKey Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaKey Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaPlant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United StatesCenter for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (CAS), Mengla, ChinaPlant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaPhtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae), a hemiparasitic genus of Eastern Asia, is characterized by having long and viscous glandular hairs on stems and leaves. Despite this unifying character, previous phylogenetic analyses indicate that Phtheirospermum is polyphyletic, with Phtheirospermum japonicum allied with tribe Pedicularideae and members of the Ph. tenuisectum complex allied with members of tribe Rhinantheae. However, no analyses to date have included broad phylogenetic sampling necessary to test the monophyly of Phtheirospermum species, and to place these species into the existing subfamiliar taxonomic organization of Orobanchaceae. Two other genera of uncertain phylogenetic placement are Brandisia and Pterygiella, also both of Eastern Asia. In this study, broadly sampled phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and plastid DNA revealed hard incongruence between these datasets in the placement of Brandisia. However, both nrITS and the plastid datasets supported the placement of Ph. japonicum within tribe Pedicularideae, and a separate clade consisting of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and a monophyletic Pterygiella. Analyses were largely in agreement that Pterygiella, the Ptheirospermum complex, and Xizangia form a clade not nested within any of the monophyletic tribes of Orobanchaceae recognized to date. Ph. japonicum, a model species for parasitic plant research, is widely distributed in Eastern Asia. Despite this broad distribution, both nrITS and plastid DNA regions from a wide sampling of this species showed high genetic identity, suggesting that the wide species range is likely due to a recent population expansion. The Ph. tenuisectum complex is mainly distributed in the Hengduan Mountains region. Two cryptic species were identified by both phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Relationships among species of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and Pterygiella remain uncertain. Estimated divergence ages of the Ph. tenuisectum complex corresponding to the last two uplifts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at around 8.0–7.0 Mya and 3.6–1.5 Mya indicated that the development of a hot-dry valley climate during these uplifts may have driven species diversification in the Ph. tenuisectum complex.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00142/fullcryptic speciesHengduan MountainsOrobanchaceaePhtheirospermumphylogenetic incongruencePterygiella
spellingShingle Wen-Bin Yu
Wen-Bin Yu
Christopher P. Randle
Lu Lu
Hong Wang
Jun-Bo Yang
Claude W. dePamphilis
Richard T. Corlett
De-Zhu Li
The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
Frontiers in Plant Science
cryptic species
Hengduan Mountains
Orobanchaceae
Phtheirospermum
phylogenetic incongruence
Pterygiella
title The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
title_full The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
title_fullStr The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
title_full_unstemmed The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
title_short The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China
title_sort hemiparasitic plant phtheirospermum orobanchaceae is polyphyletic and contains cryptic species in the hengduan mountains of southwest china
topic cryptic species
Hengduan Mountains
Orobanchaceae
Phtheirospermum
phylogenetic incongruence
Pterygiella
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00142/full
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