Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo
Abstract Background Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species inf...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05312-9 |
| _version_ | 1811343671570726912 |
|---|---|
| author | Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi Abel Lissom Jean Claude Djontu Steve Diafouka-Kietela Christevy Vouvoungui Reauchelvy Kamal Boumpoutou Jolivet Mayela Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete Francis Nongley Nkemngo Cyrille Ndo Romaric Akoton Romuald Agonhossou Arsène Lenga Stravensky Terence Boussougou-Sambe Luc Djogbénou Charles Wondji Ayola Akim Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Francine Ntoumi |
| author_facet | Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi Abel Lissom Jean Claude Djontu Steve Diafouka-Kietela Christevy Vouvoungui Reauchelvy Kamal Boumpoutou Jolivet Mayela Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete Francis Nongley Nkemngo Cyrille Ndo Romaric Akoton Romuald Agonhossou Arsène Lenga Stravensky Terence Boussougou-Sambe Luc Djogbénou Charles Wondji Ayola Akim Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Francine Ntoumi |
| author_sort | Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species infections is scarce in many countries, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (hereafter Republic of the Congo) where malaria is highly endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of non-P. falciparum species infections in the region south of Brazzaville. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in volunteers living in rural and urban settings during the dry and rainy seasons in 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Plasmodium infection in blood samples was detected by microscopic analysis and nested PCR (sub-microscopic analysis). Results Of the 773 participants enrolled in the study, 93.7% were from the rural area, of whom 97% were afebrile. The prevalence of microscopic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium spp. infection was 31.2% and 63.7%, respectively. Microscopic Plasmodium malariae infection was found in 1.3% of participants, while sub-microscopic studies detected a prevalence of 14.9% for P. malariae and 5.3% for Plasmodium ovale. The rate of co-infection of P. malariae or P. ovale with P. falciparum was 8.3% and 2.6%, respectively. Higher rates of sub-microscopic infection were reported for the urban area without seasonal fluctuation. In contrast, non-P. falciparum species infection was more pronounced in the rural area, with the associated risk of the prevalence of sub-microscopic P. malariae infection increasing during the dry season. Conclusion There is a need to include non-P. falciparum species in malaria control programs, surveillance measures and eradication strategies in the Republic of the Congo. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:32:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c6ccaee63a144879da2599b9cdca8e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:32:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c6ccaee63a144879da2599b9cdca8e32022-12-22T02:33:07ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052022-06-0115111310.1186/s13071-022-05312-9Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the CongoJacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi0Abel Lissom1Jean Claude Djontu2Steve Diafouka-Kietela3Christevy Vouvoungui4Reauchelvy Kamal Boumpoutou5Jolivet Mayela6Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete7Francis Nongley Nkemngo8Cyrille Ndo9Romaric Akoton10Romuald Agonhossou11Arsène Lenga12Stravensky Terence Boussougou-Sambe13Luc Djogbénou14Charles Wondji15Ayola Akim Adegnika16Steffen Borrmann17Francine Ntoumi18Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA)Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA)Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NgouabiInstitute of Tropical Medicine, University of TübingenFondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA)Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of TübingenInstitute of Tropical Medicine, University of TübingenFondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche MédicaleAbstract Background Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species infections is scarce in many countries, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (hereafter Republic of the Congo) where malaria is highly endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of non-P. falciparum species infections in the region south of Brazzaville. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in volunteers living in rural and urban settings during the dry and rainy seasons in 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Plasmodium infection in blood samples was detected by microscopic analysis and nested PCR (sub-microscopic analysis). Results Of the 773 participants enrolled in the study, 93.7% were from the rural area, of whom 97% were afebrile. The prevalence of microscopic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium spp. infection was 31.2% and 63.7%, respectively. Microscopic Plasmodium malariae infection was found in 1.3% of participants, while sub-microscopic studies detected a prevalence of 14.9% for P. malariae and 5.3% for Plasmodium ovale. The rate of co-infection of P. malariae or P. ovale with P. falciparum was 8.3% and 2.6%, respectively. Higher rates of sub-microscopic infection were reported for the urban area without seasonal fluctuation. In contrast, non-P. falciparum species infection was more pronounced in the rural area, with the associated risk of the prevalence of sub-microscopic P. malariae infection increasing during the dry season. Conclusion There is a need to include non-P. falciparum species in malaria control programs, surveillance measures and eradication strategies in the Republic of the Congo. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05312-9MalariaRepublic of CongoNon-Plasmodium falciparum species |
| spellingShingle | Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi Abel Lissom Jean Claude Djontu Steve Diafouka-Kietela Christevy Vouvoungui Reauchelvy Kamal Boumpoutou Jolivet Mayela Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete Francis Nongley Nkemngo Cyrille Ndo Romaric Akoton Romuald Agonhossou Arsène Lenga Stravensky Terence Boussougou-Sambe Luc Djogbénou Charles Wondji Ayola Akim Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Francine Ntoumi Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo Parasites & Vectors Malaria Republic of Congo Non-Plasmodium falciparum species |
| title | Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo |
| title_full | Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo |
| title_short | Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo |
| title_sort | prevalence of non plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of brazzaville in the republic of the congo |
| topic | Malaria Republic of Congo Non-Plasmodium falciparum species |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05312-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jacquesdollonmbamantabi prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT abellissom prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT jeanclaudedjontu prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT stevediafoukakietela prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT christevyvouvoungui prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT reauchelvykamalboumpoutou prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT jolivetmayela prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT danielnguiffonguete prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT francisnongleynkemngo prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT cyrillendo prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT romaricakoton prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT romualdagonhossou prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT arsenelenga prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT stravenskyterenceboussougousambe prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT lucdjogbenou prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT charleswondji prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT ayolaakimadegnika prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT steffenborrmann prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo AT francinentoumi prevalenceofnonplasmodiumfalciparumspeciesinsoutherndistrictsofbrazzavilleintherepublicofthecongo |