Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury
Secondary degeneration is defined as a set of destructive events that damage cells and structures that were initially spared or only peripherally affected by the primary insult, constituting a key factor for functional impairment after traumatic brain injury or stroke. In the present study, we evalu...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/3/457 |
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| author | Marco Aurelio M. Freire Rafael Rodrigues Lima Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt Joanilson S. Guimaraes Daniel Falcao Walace Gomes-Leal |
| author_facet | Marco Aurelio M. Freire Rafael Rodrigues Lima Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt Joanilson S. Guimaraes Daniel Falcao Walace Gomes-Leal |
| author_sort | Marco Aurelio M. Freire |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Secondary degeneration is defined as a set of destructive events that damage cells and structures that were initially spared or only peripherally affected by the primary insult, constituting a key factor for functional impairment after traumatic brain injury or stroke. In the present study, we evaluated the patterns of astrocytosis, inflammatory response, axonal damage and oligodendrocytes/myelin impairment in the internal capsule following a focal injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) into the dorsal striatum. Animals were perfused at 1, 3 and 7 post-lesion days (PLD), and tissue was processed to immunohistochemistry for neutrophils (MBS1), macrophages/microglia (ED1), astrocytes (GFAP), axonal lesion (βAPP), oligodendrocytes (Tau) and myelin (MBP). A significant number of neutrophils was observed at 1PLD, followed by intense recruitment/activation of macrophages/microglia at 3PLD and astrocytic reaction with a peak at 7PLD. Oligodendrocyte damage was pronounced at 3PLD, remaining at 7PLD. Progressive myelin impairment was observed, with reduction of immunoreactivity at 7PLD. Axonal lesion was also identified, mainly at 7PLD. Our results indicate that acute inflammatory response elicited by the ischemic insult in the striatum can be associated with the axonal impairment and damage of both oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath identified in the internal capsule, which may be related to loss of tissue functionality observed in secondary degeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:48:43Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:48:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c7bf1a71d914907a3b4a3e285919bd22023-11-16T16:21:54ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-01-0112345710.3390/cells12030457Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic InjuryMarco Aurelio M. Freire0Rafael Rodrigues Lima1Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt2Joanilson S. Guimaraes3Daniel Falcao4Walace Gomes-Leal5Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-110, BrazilLaboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém 68040-470, BrazilVCU Health Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23284, USALaboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém 68040-470, BrazilSecondary degeneration is defined as a set of destructive events that damage cells and structures that were initially spared or only peripherally affected by the primary insult, constituting a key factor for functional impairment after traumatic brain injury or stroke. In the present study, we evaluated the patterns of astrocytosis, inflammatory response, axonal damage and oligodendrocytes/myelin impairment in the internal capsule following a focal injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) into the dorsal striatum. Animals were perfused at 1, 3 and 7 post-lesion days (PLD), and tissue was processed to immunohistochemistry for neutrophils (MBS1), macrophages/microglia (ED1), astrocytes (GFAP), axonal lesion (βAPP), oligodendrocytes (Tau) and myelin (MBP). A significant number of neutrophils was observed at 1PLD, followed by intense recruitment/activation of macrophages/microglia at 3PLD and astrocytic reaction with a peak at 7PLD. Oligodendrocyte damage was pronounced at 3PLD, remaining at 7PLD. Progressive myelin impairment was observed, with reduction of immunoreactivity at 7PLD. Axonal lesion was also identified, mainly at 7PLD. Our results indicate that acute inflammatory response elicited by the ischemic insult in the striatum can be associated with the axonal impairment and damage of both oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath identified in the internal capsule, which may be related to loss of tissue functionality observed in secondary degeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/3/457strokesecondary degenerationinflammationinternal capsulerat |
| spellingShingle | Marco Aurelio M. Freire Rafael Rodrigues Lima Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt Joanilson S. Guimaraes Daniel Falcao Walace Gomes-Leal Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury Cells stroke secondary degeneration inflammation internal capsule rat |
| title | Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury |
| title_full | Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury |
| title_fullStr | Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury |
| title_short | Astrocytosis, Inflammation, Axonal Damage and Myelin Impairment in the Internal Capsule following Striatal Ischemic Injury |
| title_sort | astrocytosis inflammation axonal damage and myelin impairment in the internal capsule following striatal ischemic injury |
| topic | stroke secondary degeneration inflammation internal capsule rat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/3/457 |
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