Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications
Alternative approaches are urgently needed for both reuse and recycling of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) waste. Herein, this study aims to recycle rigid PVC pipe by toughening and plasticizing it with waste cling film (CF). The CF has been first reused as a polymer additive by blending it with PVC from...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Cleaner Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397624000285 |
| _version_ | 1797226602515398656 |
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| author | Benjatham Sukkaneewat Jakkid Sanetuntikul Phisut Naknaen Kriangsak Ketpang Nawadon Petchwattana |
| author_facet | Benjatham Sukkaneewat Jakkid Sanetuntikul Phisut Naknaen Kriangsak Ketpang Nawadon Petchwattana |
| author_sort | Benjatham Sukkaneewat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alternative approaches are urgently needed for both reuse and recycling of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) waste. Herein, this study aims to recycle rigid PVC pipe by toughening and plasticizing it with waste cling film (CF). The CF has been first reused as a polymer additive by blending it with PVC from 0 to 50 wt% using a two-roll mill and compression molding machines. Both static and dynamic mechanical properties, morphology, thermal transition, thermal stability, and migration of the recycled PVC (rPVC) were investigated and compared to unmodified rigid PVC. Principal results showed that the CF significantly improved softness and toughness of rPVC. Remarkably increased elongation to 206 % (an 8-fold increase from the rPVC) with strain-hardening event was obtained by utilizing 50 %wt of CF, while tensile and flexural strength decreased owing to the softening effect of CF. There was the strong correlation between microstructure and static mechanical properties. The wire drawing morphology of the toughest rPVC indicated the toughening mechanism of CF via the shear banding behavior, which was inside proposed. A glass transition temperature reduction of 35 °C was achieved. Despite the continued migration of plasticizer in the CF modified rPVC, volatilization was diminished across all recycled formulations, leading to comparable thermal stability of the rPVCs with unmodified PVC under typical processing temperatures. According to these findings, the potential capabilities of the CF as the toughening agent and self-plasticizer of PVC for further reutilization were confirmed. This study provides a new idea for reduction of PVC waste and evaluation of their potential applications. An alternative additive, derived from flexible PVC waste, was also explored, and introduced to the polymeric system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:27:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c91c1a69c4b4fb58fd6d35067f05a8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-3976 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:27:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cleaner Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c91c1a69c4b4fb58fd6d35067f05a8b2024-04-03T04:27:36ZengElsevierCleaner Materials2772-39762024-06-0112100244Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applicationsBenjatham Sukkaneewat0Jakkid Sanetuntikul1Phisut Naknaen2Kriangsak Ketpang3Nawadon Petchwattana4Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, ThailandFaculty of Engineering and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Campus, Rayong, ThailandDivision of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, ThailandFaculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Campus, Rayong, ThailandDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand; Corresponding author.Alternative approaches are urgently needed for both reuse and recycling of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) waste. Herein, this study aims to recycle rigid PVC pipe by toughening and plasticizing it with waste cling film (CF). The CF has been first reused as a polymer additive by blending it with PVC from 0 to 50 wt% using a two-roll mill and compression molding machines. Both static and dynamic mechanical properties, morphology, thermal transition, thermal stability, and migration of the recycled PVC (rPVC) were investigated and compared to unmodified rigid PVC. Principal results showed that the CF significantly improved softness and toughness of rPVC. Remarkably increased elongation to 206 % (an 8-fold increase from the rPVC) with strain-hardening event was obtained by utilizing 50 %wt of CF, while tensile and flexural strength decreased owing to the softening effect of CF. There was the strong correlation between microstructure and static mechanical properties. The wire drawing morphology of the toughest rPVC indicated the toughening mechanism of CF via the shear banding behavior, which was inside proposed. A glass transition temperature reduction of 35 °C was achieved. Despite the continued migration of plasticizer in the CF modified rPVC, volatilization was diminished across all recycled formulations, leading to comparable thermal stability of the rPVCs with unmodified PVC under typical processing temperatures. According to these findings, the potential capabilities of the CF as the toughening agent and self-plasticizer of PVC for further reutilization were confirmed. This study provides a new idea for reduction of PVC waste and evaluation of their potential applications. An alternative additive, derived from flexible PVC waste, was also explored, and introduced to the polymeric system.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397624000285Post-consumer recyclingReutilizationPVC pipeTougheningCling film |
| spellingShingle | Benjatham Sukkaneewat Jakkid Sanetuntikul Phisut Naknaen Kriangsak Ketpang Nawadon Petchwattana Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications Cleaner Materials Post-consumer recycling Reutilization PVC pipe Toughening Cling film |
| title | Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications |
| title_full | Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications |
| title_fullStr | Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications |
| title_short | Reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self-plasticizer in recycled poly(vinyl chloride) pipe for semi-rigid building material applications |
| title_sort | reutilization of waste cling film as a toughening agent and self plasticizer in recycled poly vinyl chloride pipe for semi rigid building material applications |
| topic | Post-consumer recycling Reutilization PVC pipe Toughening Cling film |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397624000285 |
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