A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the pr...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| author | Tzu-Sen Yang May-Show Chen Cheng-Jyun Huang Chin-Yi Chen Agnese Brangule Aleksej Zarkov Aivaras Kareiva Chung-Kwei Lin Jen-Chang Yang |
| author_facet | Tzu-Sen Yang May-Show Chen Cheng-Jyun Huang Chin-Yi Chen Agnese Brangule Aleksej Zarkov Aivaras Kareiva Chung-Kwei Lin Jen-Chang Yang |
| author_sort | Tzu-Sen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the present study, we tried to modify the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> radiopacifier by doping hafnium ions via the sol-gel process and investigated the effects of different doping ratios (Bi<sub>2-x</sub>Hf<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3+x/2</sub>, x = 0–0.3) and calcination temperatures (400–800 °C). We mixed various precursor mixtures of bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O) and hafnium sulfate (Hf(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and controlled the calcination temperatures. The as-prepared Hf-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> radiopacifier powders were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Portland cement/radiopacifier/calcium sulfate (75/20/5) were mixed and set by deionized water (powder to water ratio = 3:1). Changes in radiopacity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and in vitro cell viability of the hydrated MTA-like cement were carried out. The experimental results showed that the group containing radiopacifier from sol-gelled Bi/Hf (90/10) exhibited significantly higher radiopacity (6.36 ± 0.34 mmAl), DTS (2.54 ± 0.29 MPa), and cell viability (84.0±8.1%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when compared to that of Bi/Hf (100/0) powders. It is suggested that the formation of β-Bi<sub>7.78</sub>Hf<sub>0.22</sub>O<sub>12.11</sub> phase with hafnium addition and calcining at 700 °C can prepare novel bismuth/hafnium composite powder that can be used as an alternative radiopacifier for root canal filling materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:00Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:00Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0c974564dc994806b6143d0d5a0bb8872023-11-22T06:39:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-08-011116729210.3390/app11167292A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling MaterialsTzu-Sen Yang0May-Show Chen1Cheng-Jyun Huang2Chin-Yi Chen3Agnese Brangule4Aleksej Zarkov5Aivaras Kareiva6Chung-Kwei Lin7Jen-Chang Yang8Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanResearch Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanResearch Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, LithuaniaResearch Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanResearch Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the present study, we tried to modify the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> radiopacifier by doping hafnium ions via the sol-gel process and investigated the effects of different doping ratios (Bi<sub>2-x</sub>Hf<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3+x/2</sub>, x = 0–0.3) and calcination temperatures (400–800 °C). We mixed various precursor mixtures of bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O) and hafnium sulfate (Hf(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and controlled the calcination temperatures. The as-prepared Hf-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> radiopacifier powders were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Portland cement/radiopacifier/calcium sulfate (75/20/5) were mixed and set by deionized water (powder to water ratio = 3:1). Changes in radiopacity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and in vitro cell viability of the hydrated MTA-like cement were carried out. The experimental results showed that the group containing radiopacifier from sol-gelled Bi/Hf (90/10) exhibited significantly higher radiopacity (6.36 ± 0.34 mmAl), DTS (2.54 ± 0.29 MPa), and cell viability (84.0±8.1%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when compared to that of Bi/Hf (100/0) powders. It is suggested that the formation of β-Bi<sub>7.78</sub>Hf<sub>0.22</sub>O<sub>12.11</sub> phase with hafnium addition and calcining at 700 °C can prepare novel bismuth/hafnium composite powder that can be used as an alternative radiopacifier for root canal filling materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7292mineral trioxide aggregatesol-gelradiopacitybiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Tzu-Sen Yang May-Show Chen Cheng-Jyun Huang Chin-Yi Chen Agnese Brangule Aleksej Zarkov Aivaras Kareiva Chung-Kwei Lin Jen-Chang Yang A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials Applied Sciences mineral trioxide aggregate sol-gel radiopacity biocompatibility |
| title | A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials |
| title_full | A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials |
| title_short | A Novel Sol-Gel Bi<sub>2-x</sub>HfxO<sub>3+x/2</sub> Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials |
| title_sort | novel sol gel bi sub 2 x sub hfxo sub 3 x 2 sub radiopacifier for mineral trioxide aggregates mta as dental filling materials |
| topic | mineral trioxide aggregate sol-gel radiopacity biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7292 |
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