Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem
Abstract Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), which are invasive in many regions globally, can alter ecosystems and compete with native species through interference competition and resource exploitation. Wild pig impacts on other species may increase with greater niche overlap, which could vary over time based o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Ecosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4500 |
| _version_ | 1797219367280181248 |
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| author | Elizabeth A. Saldo Alex J. Jensen Michael S. Muthersbaugh Joseph W. Butfiloski Jay Cantrell John C. Kilgo Charles Ruth Greg K. Yarrow David S. Jachowski |
| author_facet | Elizabeth A. Saldo Alex J. Jensen Michael S. Muthersbaugh Joseph W. Butfiloski Jay Cantrell John C. Kilgo Charles Ruth Greg K. Yarrow David S. Jachowski |
| author_sort | Elizabeth A. Saldo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), which are invasive in many regions globally, can alter ecosystems and compete with native species through interference competition and resource exploitation. Wild pig impacts on other species may increase with greater niche overlap, which could vary over time based on environmental conditions, resource availability, or biological traits like diet, especially as seasonal variation in wild pig diet has been widely documented. A limited number of studies have assessed spatial or temporal overlap between native species and invasive wild pigs, with only a handful simultaneously assessing overlap in these niche dimensions. We investigated the potential for interspecific interactions involving invasive wild pigs in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, USA, by examining seasonal spatiotemporal overlap with other wildlife using N‐mixture models and diel activity overlap analyses. Site use by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote (Canis latrans) was negatively associated with wild pig activity in the fall, when the species had high diel activity overlap, indicating spatial partitioning could reduce interference competition with wild pigs in this season. Conversely, white‐tailed deer site use was positively associated with wild pig activity in the winter, suggesting higher spatial overlap may be necessary if resources are limited. Site use by bobcat (Lynx rufus) and nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the spring, along with raccoon (Procyon lotor) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) site use in the summer, was positively associated with wild pig activity. With the exception of diurnal wild turkey, diel activity overlap between these species and wild pigs was high, although temporal partitioning could have occurred at finer spatiotemporal scales than we examined. Our results collectively emphasize the importance of accounting for seasonal spatial and temporal responses by individual species to invasive wild pigs, with special consideration given to species in seasons where high niche overlap with wild pigs is anticipated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:33:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c9bc75e13db4396a873b3eedefbc35f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-8925 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:32:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c9bc75e13db4396a873b3eedefbc35f2024-04-07T23:33:20ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252023-06-01146n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.4500Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystemElizabeth A. Saldo0Alex J. Jensen1Michael S. Muthersbaugh2Joseph W. Butfiloski3Jay Cantrell4John C. Kilgo5Charles Ruth6Greg K. Yarrow7David S. Jachowski8Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USASouth Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia South Carolina USASouth Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia South Carolina USAUSDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USASouth Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia South Carolina USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USAAbstract Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), which are invasive in many regions globally, can alter ecosystems and compete with native species through interference competition and resource exploitation. Wild pig impacts on other species may increase with greater niche overlap, which could vary over time based on environmental conditions, resource availability, or biological traits like diet, especially as seasonal variation in wild pig diet has been widely documented. A limited number of studies have assessed spatial or temporal overlap between native species and invasive wild pigs, with only a handful simultaneously assessing overlap in these niche dimensions. We investigated the potential for interspecific interactions involving invasive wild pigs in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, USA, by examining seasonal spatiotemporal overlap with other wildlife using N‐mixture models and diel activity overlap analyses. Site use by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote (Canis latrans) was negatively associated with wild pig activity in the fall, when the species had high diel activity overlap, indicating spatial partitioning could reduce interference competition with wild pigs in this season. Conversely, white‐tailed deer site use was positively associated with wild pig activity in the winter, suggesting higher spatial overlap may be necessary if resources are limited. Site use by bobcat (Lynx rufus) and nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the spring, along with raccoon (Procyon lotor) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) site use in the summer, was positively associated with wild pig activity. With the exception of diurnal wild turkey, diel activity overlap between these species and wild pigs was high, although temporal partitioning could have occurred at finer spatiotemporal scales than we examined. Our results collectively emphasize the importance of accounting for seasonal spatial and temporal responses by individual species to invasive wild pigs, with special consideration given to species in seasons where high niche overlap with wild pigs is anticipated.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4500competitiondiel activityinterspecific interactionsN‐mixturepartitioningresource exploitation |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth A. Saldo Alex J. Jensen Michael S. Muthersbaugh Joseph W. Butfiloski Jay Cantrell John C. Kilgo Charles Ruth Greg K. Yarrow David S. Jachowski Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem Ecosphere competition diel activity interspecific interactions N‐mixture partitioning resource exploitation |
| title | Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs sus scrofa varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem |
| topic | competition diel activity interspecific interactions N‐mixture partitioning resource exploitation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4500 |
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