| Summary: | Depression is a common mood disorder that affects around 350 million people worldwide. We studied the effect of supplementation with <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains for the treatment of depression. Except for control group (<i>n</i> = 8), C57BL/6J mice were treated with <i>Lactobacillus</i> during six weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (depression group: <i>n</i> = 9, <i>Lactobacillus</i> intervention group: <i>n</i> = 7). <i>L. paracasei</i> CCFM1229 and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> CCFM1228 significantly reduced depressive behaviour in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, significantly reduced anxiety behaviour in the open field test, and reduced anxiety behaviour in the marble burying test and light/dark box test. <i>L. paracasei</i> CCFM1229 and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> CCFM1228 significantly increased the brain serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, and CCFM1229 significantly decreased the serum corticosterone concentration, all of which are closely associated with the relief of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 were shown to regulate purine metabolism in mice, as indicated by decreases in brain xanthine oxidase activity and an increase in liver adenosine deaminase activity. Anxiety- and depression-related indicators were significantly associated with xanthine oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex. The strains CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 reduced anxiety- and depression-related behaviour in a mouse model of chronic stress-induced depression, which may be achieved by regulating the activity of brain xanthine oxidase.
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